Highly flexible Ag nanowire network covered by a graphene oxide nanosheet for high-performance flexible electronics and anti-bacterial applications

We investigated a flexible and transparent conductive electrode (FTCE) based on Ag nanowires (AgNWs) and a graphene oxide (GO) nanosheet and fabricated through a simple and cost-effective spray coating method. The AgNWs/GO hybrid FTCE was optimized by adjusting the nozzle-to-substrate distance, spray speed, compressor pressure, and volume of the GO solution. The optimal AgNWs/GO hybrid FTCE has a high transmittance of 88% at a wavelength of 550 nm and a low sheet resistance of 20 Ohm/square. We demonstrate the presence of the GO nanosheet on the AgNWs through Raman spectroscopy. Using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, we confirmed that the nanosheet acted as a conducting bridge between AgNWs and improved the surface morphology and roughness of the electrode. Effective coverage by the GO sheet improved the conductivity of the AgNWs electrode Effective coverage of the GO sheet improved conductivity of the AgNWs electrode with minimum degradation of optical and mechanical properties. Flexible thin film heater (TFH) and electroluminescent (EL) devices fabricated on AgNWs/GO hybrid FTCEs showed better performance than devices on bare AgNWs electrodes due to lower sheet resistance and uniform conductivity. In addition, an AgNWs/GO electrode layer on a facial mask acts as a self-heating and antibacterial coating. A facial mask with an AgNWs/GO electrode showed a bacteriostatic reduction rate of 99.7 against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumonia</i>.

本研究针对基于银纳米线（Ag nanowires, AgNWs）与氧化石墨烯（graphene oxide, GO）纳米片的柔性透明导电电极（flexible and transparent conductive electrode, FTCE）开展研究，并采用简便低成本的喷涂法完成制备。通过调控喷嘴-基底间距、喷涂速率、压缩机气压及氧化石墨烯溶液体积，对AgNWs/GO复合柔性透明导电电极进行优化。经优化后的AgNWs/GO复合柔性透明导电电极在550 nm波长下透光率达88%，方阻低至20 Ω/□。研究通过拉曼光谱（Raman spectroscopy）证实了AgNWs表面负载有GO纳米片；借助扫描电子显微镜与原子力显微镜，确认GO纳米片可作为AgNWs之间的导电桥，改善电极的表面形貌与粗糙度。GO纳米片的有效包覆可提升AgNWs电极的导电性能，同时将光学与力学性能的劣化降至最低。基于AgNWs/GO复合柔性透明导电电极制备的柔性薄膜加热器（thin film heater, TFH）与电致发光（electroluminescent, EL）器件，其性能优于裸AgNWs电极制备的同类器件，这归因于前者更低的方阻与更均匀的导电特性。此外，面膜基底上的AgNWs/GO电极层可作为自加热抗菌涂层。搭载该电极的面膜对金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）与肺炎克雷伯菌（Klebsiella pneumonia）的抑菌率可达99.7%。