黄河流域生态环境需水规律研究

本文在探讨流域生态环境需水机理与耦合模式的基础上，对黄河流域进行生态水文分区，建立生态水文分区与需水类型之间的对应关系；分别从生态系统尺度和流域整体尺度对黄河流域河道、城市和全流域的生态环境需水规律进行系统分析。主要研究内容与结论体现在以下三个方面： 　　(1)理论研究方面 　　在对流域生态系统进行系统解析的基础上，从广义和狭义两个角度界定了流域生态环境需水的概念；根据流域生态环境需水量的等级层次结构，划分流域生态环境需水量类型，建立了多等级多层次的流域生态环境需水量的分类体系。 　　(2)研究方法方面 　　根据流域生态环境需水的空间分异性特征，提出将流域生态水文分区与河道形态分类、生态环境功能分类以及需水类型结合起来开展研究的思路，提出将非汛期最小生态基流量与汛期高生态基流量相结合确定河道生态基流量的研究思路，体现了河道生态环境需水量综合研究的思想。提出了基于生态环境需水量研究的城市分类方法和城市生态环境需水量的计算方法；基于城市生态环境需水量的人控性特征，考虑人为因素对城市生态环境需水量的影响，提出将城市分类与城市生态环境需水量研究相结合的研究思路，探讨城市生态环境需水量与需水主体、城市类别以及其他影响因子之间的相关关系。 　　(3)案例研究方面 　　根据上述理论分析以及确定的研究方法与思路，将其应用到黄河流域生态环境需水规律的具体研究中.

Based on the investigation into the mechanisms and coupling patterns of ecological and environmental water requirements in river basins, this study conducts eco-hydrological regionalization for the Yellow River Basin, establishes the correspondence between eco-hydrological zones and water requirement types, and systematically analyzes the spatio-temporal variation laws of ecological and environmental water requirements for river channels, urban areas and the entire basin of the Yellow River from the ecosystem scale and the whole basin scale respectively. The main research contents and conclusions are reflected in the following three aspects:
(1) Theoretical Research
Based on the systematic analysis of river basin ecosystems, this study defines the concept of ecological and environmental water requirements in river basins from both broad and narrow perspectives. According to the hierarchical structure of ecological and environmental water demand in river basins, the types of such water demand are classified, and a multi-grade and multi-level classification system for ecological and environmental water demand in river basins is established.
(2) Research Methods
In view of the spatial heterogeneity of ecological and environmental water requirements in river basins, this study proposes a research framework that integrates eco-hydrological regionalization, river channel morphology classification, eco-environmental function classification and water requirement types. It also puts forward a research approach that combines the minimum ecological base flow in non-flood seasons with the high ecological base flow in flood seasons to determine the ecological base flow of river channels, which embodies the idea of comprehensive research on ecological and environmental water demand of river channels. This study proposes urban classification methods and calculation methods for urban ecological and environmental water demand based on research on ecological and environmental water requirements. Considering the human-controlled characteristics of urban ecological and environmental water demand and the impact of human factors on such water demand, a research framework that combines urban classification with the study of urban ecological and environmental water demand is put forward, and the correlation between urban ecological and environmental water demand, water demand subjects, urban categories and other influencing factors is explored.
(3) Case Study
Based on the above theoretical analysis and the determined research methods and frameworks, this study applies them to the specific research on the laws of ecological and environmental water demand in the Yellow River Basin.