The Necessary Adoptions in the Brazilian Context: Characteristics, Challenges and Visibility

Abstract The necessary adoptions encompass cases of children over two years of age, with siblings, disabilities, chronic or interracial illness. This study aimed to present an integrative review of the necessary adoptions and how this topic has been investigated and discussed. From a search in the databases LILACS, SciELO, PePSIC and PsycINFO (2019-2018), 35 studies were retrieved. The scarce international production may be related to the fact that the necessary adoptions are a category in the Brazilian reality. Most of the studies prioritised as necessary the adoption of children children over two years of age, with few studies on children with disabilities, sickness and siblings. Further research on interracial adoptions is recommended, as well as greater awareness of the candidates to adopt regarding the profile of children for adoption in host institutions, which should be accompanied by greater visibility of the topic in the scientific field.

【摘要】必要性收养（necessary adoptions）涵盖了年满两岁以上、有兄弟姐妹、患有残疾、慢性疾病或跨种族病症的儿童相关收养案例。本研究旨在针对必要性收养领域开展整合性综述，梳理该主题的研究与探讨现状。研究通过检索LILACS、SciELO、PePSIC及PsycINFO数据库2018年至2019年的文献，共获取35项相关研究。国际上该领域的研究成果较为匮乏，这可能与必要性收养是巴西社会语境下的特有收养类别有关。现有研究大多优先将年满两岁以上儿童的收养列为必要性收养范畴，针对残疾儿童、患病儿童及有兄弟姐妹儿童的相关研究则较少。此外，本研究建议未来应开展更多跨种族收养相关研究，同时需提升收养候选人群对寄养机构中待收养儿童特征的认知，并推动该主题在科学研究领域获得更多关注与曝光。