丛枝菌根真菌提高林木抗逆性机制研究进展

丛枝菌根( AM) 真菌是存在于土壤中的重要真菌之一，它能够与宿主林木根系产生互利共生体，从而对林木的生长发育有着多种促进作用。文中综述了近10 年来国内外关于AM 真菌对林木影响的研究进展，包括AM 真菌对林木的抗旱性、抗病性、抗盐性、耐热性、耐虫性及对有害重金属抗性的影响等，通过促进林木光合作用、营养吸收、新陈代谢等来增加林木生长量、生物量的积累，从而提高林木的抗逆性; 对在AM 真菌研究中存在的难题进行了分析，并对其在林木中的应用研究进行了展望，旨在为林木抗逆性机制研究、森林经营等提供科学参考。

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are one of the important soil-dwelling fungi that can form mutualistic symbiotic associations with host tree root systems, exerting multiple beneficial effects on the growth and development of trees. This paper reviews the research progress on the effects of AM fungi on trees from domestic and international studies over the past decade, including the impacts of AM fungi on tree drought resistance, disease resistance, salt tolerance, heat tolerance, insect resistance and resistance to harmful heavy metals. By promoting tree photosynthesis, nutrient uptake and metabolism, AM fungi can increase tree growth increment and biomass accumulation, thereby enhancing trees' stress resistance. This review also analyzes the existing challenges in AM fungi research, and provides an outlook on its applied research in forest trees, aiming to provide scientific references for studies on tree stress resistance mechanisms, forest management and other relevant fields.