National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), 1994-2008 [Public Use]

The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), 1994-2008 [Public Use] is a longitudinal study of a nationally representative sample of U.S. adolescents in grades 7 through 12 during the 1994-1995 school year. The Add Health cohort was followed into young adulthood with four in-home interviews, the most recent conducted in 2008 when the sample was aged 24-32. Add Health combines longitudinal survey data on respondents' social, economic, psychological, and physical well-being with contextual data on the family, neighborhood, community, school, friendships, peer groups, and romantic relationships.
Add Health Wave I data collection took place between September 1994 and December 1995, and included both an in-school questionnaire and in-home interview. The in-school questionnaire was administered to more than 90,000 students in grades 7 through 12, and gathered information on social and demographic characteristics of adolescent respondents, education and occupation of parents, household structure, expectations for the future, self-esteem, health status, risk behaviors, friendships, and school-year extracurricular activities. All students listed on a sample school's roster were eligible for selection into the core in-home interview sample. In-home interviews included topics such as health status, health-facility utilization, nutrition, peer networks, decision-making processes, family composition and dynamics, educational aspirations and expectations, employment experience, romantic and sexual partnerships, substance use, and criminal activities. A parent, preferably the resident mother, of each adolescent respondent interviewed in Wave I was also asked to complete an interviewer-assisted questionnaire covering topics such as inheritable health conditions, marriages and marriage-like relationships, neighborhood characteristics, involvement in volunteer, civic, and school activities, health-affecting behaviors, education and employment, household income and economic assistance, parent-adolescent communication and interaction, parent's familiarity with the adolescent's friends and friends' parents.
Add Health data collection recommenced for Wave II from April to August 1996, and included almost 15,000 follow-up in-home interviews with adolescents from Wave I. Interview questions were generally similar to Wave I, but also included questions about sun exposure and more detailed nutrition questions. Respondents were asked to report their height and weight during the course of the interview, and were also weighed and measured by the interviewer.
From August 2001 to April 2002, Wave III data were collected through in-home interviews with 15,170 Wave I respondents (now 18 to 26 years old), as well as interviews with their partners. Respondents were administered survey questions designed to obtain information about family, relationships, sexual experiences, childbearing, and educational histories, labor force involvement, civic participation, religion and spirituality, mental health, health insurance, illness, delinquency and violence, gambling, substance abuse, and involvement with the criminal justice system. High School Transcript Release Forms were also collected at Wave III, and these data comprise the Education Data component of the Add Health study.
Wave IV in-home interviews were conducted in 2008 and 2009 when the original Wave I respondents were 24 to 32 years old. Longitudinal survey data were collected on the social, economic, psychological, and health circumstances of respondents, as well as longitudinal geographic data. Survey questions were expanded on educational transitions, economic status and financial resources and strains, sleep patterns and sleep quality, eating habits and nutrition, illnesses and medications, physical activities, emotional content and quality of current or most recent romantic/cohabiting/marriage relationships, and maltreatment during childhood by caregivers. Dates and circumstances of key life events occurring in young adulthood were also recorded, including a complete marriage and cohabitation history, full pregnancy and fertility histories from both men and women, an educational history of dates of degrees and school attendance, contact with the criminal justice system, military service, and various employment events, including the date of first and current jobs, with respective information on occupation, industry, wages, hours, and benefits. Finally, physical measurements and biospecimens were also collected at Wave IV, and included anthropometric measures of weight, height and waist circumference, cardiovascular measures such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and pulse, metabolic measures from dried blood spots assayed for lipids, glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), measures of inflammation and immune function, including High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

1994-2008年[公共使用数据集]的全国青少年至成人健康纵向研究（Add Health）是一项针对1994-1995学年全美具有全国代表性的7至12年级青少年样本的纵向研究。该研究队列在成年早期被追踪，共开展四次家庭访问，最近一次于2008年进行，此时样本成员年龄为24至32岁。本研究将受访者的社会、经济、心理与身体健康状况纵向调查数据，与家庭、邻里、社区、学校、友谊、同辈群体及恋爱关系等情境数据相结合。

Add Health第一波数据采集于1994年9月至1995年12月期间开展，包含校内问卷与家庭访问两部分。校内问卷面向9万余名7至12年级学生发放，收集了青少年受访者的社会与人口统计学特征、父母教育与职业背景、家庭结构、未来期望、自尊水平、健康状况、风险行为、友谊情况及学年课外活动等信息。样本学校花名册上的所有学生均有资格入选核心家庭访问样本。家庭访问内容涵盖健康状况、医疗设施使用情况、营养状况、同辈社交网络、决策过程、家庭构成与动态、教育抱负与期望、就业经历、恋爱与性伴侣关系、物质使用及犯罪行为等话题。此外，第一波受访青少年的家长（优先选择常住母亲）还需完成一份访员协助填写的问卷，内容包括遗传性健康状况、婚姻及类婚姻关系、邻里特征、志愿/公民/学校活动参与情况、影响健康的行为、教育与就业状况、家庭收入与经济援助、亲子沟通与互动、家长对青少年朋友及其父母的了解程度等。

1996年4月至8月，Add Health第二波数据采集工作重启，共完成近1.5万份针对第一波受访青少年的追踪家庭访问。访谈问题总体与第一波相似，但新增了日晒暴露相关问题及更详细的营养调研题目。受访者需在访谈中自行报告身高与体重，同时由访员进行体重与身高的实际测量。

2001年8月至2002年4月，研究人员通过家庭访问采集了第三波数据，受访对象为15170名第一波受访者（此时年龄为18至26岁）及其伴侣。访谈问卷旨在获取家庭、人际关系、性经历、生育情况、教育经历、劳动力参与、公民参与、宗教与精神信仰、心理健康、医疗保险、疾病、青少年犯罪与暴力行为、赌博、物质滥用及与刑事司法系统接触情况等信息。第三波调研还收集了高中成绩单授权表，此类数据构成了Add Health研究的教育数据模块。

2008年至2009年，研究人员开展了第四波家庭访问，此时第一波原始受访者年龄为24至32岁。本次调研采集了受访者社会、经济、心理与健康状况的纵向调查数据，以及纵向地理数据。访谈问题在以下领域进行了拓展：教育转变、经济状况与财务资源及压力、睡眠模式与睡眠质量、饮食习惯与营养状况、疾病与用药情况、体育活动、当前或最近一段恋爱/同居/婚姻关系的情感内涵与质量，以及童年时期照料者的虐待行为。研究同时记录了青年时期发生的关键人生事件的日期与背景，包括完整的婚姻与同居史、男女双方完整的妊娠与生育史、标注学位获取日期与就学情况的教育史、与刑事司法系统的接触情况、兵役经历及各类就业事件（包括首份工作与当前工作的日期，以及对应的职业、行业、薪资、工时与福利信息）。最后，第四波调研还采集了身体测量数据与生物样本，包括体重、身高与腰围的人体测量学指标，收缩压、舒张压与脉搏等心血管指标，针对脂质、葡萄糖及糖化血红蛋白（glycosylated hemoglobin，HbA1c）进行检测的干血斑代谢指标，以及炎症与免疫功能指标，包括高敏C反应蛋白（High sensitivity C-reactive protein，hsCRP）与爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒（Epstein-Barr virus，EBV）。