Data from: Conservation priorities of Iberoamerican pig breeds and their ancestors based on microsatellite information

Criollo pig breeds are descendants from pigs brought to the American continent starting with Columbus second trip in 1493. Pigs currently play a key role in social economy and community cultural identity in Latin America. The aim of this study was to establish conservation priorities among a comprehensive group of Criollo pig breeds based on a set of 24 microsatellite markers and using different criteria. Spain and Portugal pig breeds, wild boar populations of different European geographic origins and commercial pig breeds were included in the analysis as potential genetic influences in the development of Criollo pig breeds. Different methods, differing in the weight given to within- and between-breed genetic variability, were used in order to estimate the contribution of each breed to global genetic diversity. As expected, the partial contribution to total heterozygosity gave high priority to Criollo pig breeds, whereas Weitzman procedures prioritized Iberian Peninsula breeds. With the combined within- and between-breed approaches, different conservation priorities were achieved. The Core Set methodologies highly prioritized Criollo pig breeds (Cr. Boliviano, Cr. Pacifico, Cr. Cubano and Cr. Guadalupe). However, weighing the between- and within-breed components with FST and 1-FST, respectively, resulted in higher contributions of Iberian breeds. In spite of the different conservation priorities according to the methodology used, other factors in addition to genetic information also need to be considered in conservation programmes, such as the economic, cultural or historical value of the breeds involved.

克里奥罗猪品种（Criollo pig breeds）的祖先是1493年哥伦布第二次远航时引入美洲大陆的家猪。目前，家猪在拉丁美洲的社会经济发展与社群文化认同中发挥着关键作用。本研究旨在基于24个微卫星标记（microsatellite markers），并结合多种评价标准，对一组涵盖范围广泛的克里奥罗猪品种确立遗传保护优先级。为探究克里奥罗猪品种培育过程中潜在的遗传影响因素，本研究将西班牙、葡萄牙家猪品种，不同欧洲地理起源的野猪种群以及商用家猪品种纳入分析范畴。本研究采用了多种针对品种内与品种间遗传变异赋予不同权重的分析方法，以评估各品种对全球遗传多样性的贡献程度。正如预期，基于对总杂合度的局部贡献度分析，克里奥罗猪品种被赋予了较高的保护优先级；而韦茨曼法（Weitzman procedures）则将保护优先级偏向伊比利亚半岛本土猪品种。采用品种内与品种间结合的分析策略时，则得到了不同的保护优先级排序结果。核心集分析法（Core Set methodologies）将克里奥罗猪中的玻利维亚克里奥罗（Cr. Boliviano）、太平洋克里奥罗（Cr. Pacifico）、古巴克里奥罗（Cr. Cubano）以及瓜达卢佩克里奥罗（Cr. Guadalupe）列为最高优先级保护对象。但如果分别以FST（FST）和1-FST作为品种间与品种内遗传变异的权重系数，则伊比利亚半岛猪品种的遗传贡献占比更高。尽管基于不同分析方法得到的保护优先级存在差异，但在实际的遗传保护计划中，除遗传信息外，还需综合考量所涉及品种的经济、文化与历史价值等其他因素。