A single-center 18-year experience with oral candidiasis in Brazil: a retrospective study of 1,534 cases

Abstract Despite the large number of published studies about oral candidiasis and associated risk factors, reports of large single-center retrospective studies on the prevalence of oral candidiasis, risk factors, and the oral candidiasis types diagnosed more frequently in oral diagnostic reference centers are scarce. The objective of the present study was to retrospectively survey the demographic and clinical profiles of 1,534 patients diagnosed with candidiasis and treated at the Center for Diagnosis of Oral Diseases (CDOD), Pelotas Dental School, Federal University of Pelotas between 1997 and 2014. Using a retrospective, cross-sectional, epidemiological design, data on race, gender, age, systemic diseases, oral candidiasis type and location, symptoms, and harmful habits such as smoking and alcohol consumption were collected. The statistical analysis was performed using STATA version 13.1. Risk factors for chronic atrophic candidiasis (CAC) were evaluated using Poisson regression with robust variance (p ≤ 0.05). The majority of patients with oral candidiasis seen at the CDOD over the 18-year period of analysis were Caucasian women, aged 51–60 years, nonsmokers, and nondrinkers, with no systemic disease, and who wore some form of dental prostheses. CAC was the single most common clinical type of candidiasis detected, and the most frequently affected oral site was the palate. These data from a large single-center in Brazil agree with previous evidence about the clinical and demographic profiles of patients with oral candidiasis.

摘要
尽管已有大量关于口腔念珠菌病（oral candidiasis）及其相关危险因素的已发表研究，但针对口腔诊断参考中心中高发的口腔念珠菌病患病率、危险因素及确诊类型开展的大型单中心回顾性研究仍较为稀缺。本研究旨在对1997年至2014年间，巴西佩洛塔斯联邦大学佩洛塔斯牙科学院口腔疾病诊断中心（Center for Diagnosis of Oral Diseases, CDOD）收治并确诊为念珠菌病的1534例患者的人口学与临床特征进行回顾性调查。本研究采用回顾性横断面流行病学研究设计，收集了患者的种族、性别、年龄、系统性疾病、口腔念珠菌病类型与发病部位、临床症状，以及吸烟、饮酒等有害习惯相关数据。统计分析采用STATA 13.1版本软件完成。本研究采用稳健方差泊松回归分析慢性萎缩性念珠菌病（chronic atrophic candidiasis, CAC）的危险因素，检验水准设定为p≤0.05。在本次18年的研究分析周期内，该中心收治的口腔念珠菌病患者多为51~60岁的白种人女性，无吸烟、饮酒习惯，无系统性疾病，且佩戴各类义齿。慢性萎缩性念珠菌病是检出率最高的单一临床类型念珠菌病，最常受累的口腔部位为腭部。本研究来自巴西某大型单中心的数据，与既往关于口腔念珠菌病患者临床及人口学特征的研究结果相符。