Geology of the 2022 Winter Olympic sites, Beijing-Zhangjiakou, China: An analogue of the North China Craton

The 2022 Winter Olympics will be held in the Beijing-Zhangjiakou area, which is located in the eastern North China Craton (NCC) and contains a comprehensive geological record from the Archaean to Cenozoic. In this paper, we first review the geology of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou area, then, combined with data from the rest of the NCC, we discuss the geological evolution of the area in the context of the NCC. The geological and tectonic evolution of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou area can be regarded as a proxy or analogue for the geological history of the whole of the NCC. Six stages have been divided as follows: 1) Neoarchean massive continental crust growth; 2) Paleoproterozoic cratonization; 3) Meso-Neoproterozoic multi-stage rifting; 4) Palaeozoic marginal orogeny; 5) Mesozoic craton destruction; and 6) Cenozoic intra-plate extension. We hope this paper will be helpful to both geologists and non-geologists who will attend the 2022 Beijing-Zhangjiakou Winter Olympics and may be interested in rocks and geology around the Winter Olympic sites.

2022年冬季奥林匹克运动会举办于华北克拉通（North China Craton, NCC）东部的北京-张家口地区，该区域保存有从太古宙到新生代的完整地质记录。本文首先综述北京-张家口地区的地质概况，随后结合华北克拉通其他区域的地质数据，在华北克拉通的整体构造框架下探讨该区域的地质演化历程。北京-张家口地区的地质与构造演化可作为整个华北克拉通地质历史的代用指标或类比模型。本文将该区域的地质演化划分为六个阶段：1）新太古代大规模陆壳生长；2）古元古代克拉通化；3）中-新元古代多期裂谷作用；4）古生代边缘造山作用；5）中生代克拉通破坏；6）新生代板内伸展作用。本文希望能够为参与2022年北京-张家口冬季奥林匹克运动会、且对冬奥场馆周边的岩石与地质景观感兴趣的地质学者及非专业人士提供参考。