Data from: Biodiversity ensures plant-pollinator phenological synchrony against climate change

Climate change has the potential to alter the phenological synchrony between interacting mutualists, such as plants and their pollinators. However, high levels of biodiversity might buffer the negative effects of species-specific phenological shifts and maintain synchrony at the community level, as predicted by the biodiversity insurance hypothesis. Here, we explore how biodiversity might enhance and stabilise phenological synchrony between a valuable crop, apple and its native pollinators. We combine 46 years of data on apple flowering phenology with historical records of bee pollinators over the same period. When the key apple pollinators are considered altogether, we found extensive synchrony between bee activity and apple peak bloom due to complementarity among bee species’ activity periods, and also a stable trend over time due to differential responses to warming climate among bee species. A simulation model confirms that high biodiversity levels can ensure plant–pollinator phenological synchrony and thus pollination function.

气候变化有可能改变相互作用的互利共生生物之间的物候同步性（phenological synchrony），例如植物与其传粉者。然而，正如生物多样性保险假说（biodiversity insurance hypothesis）所预测的那样，高水平的生物多样性或许能够缓冲物候变化的物种特异性差异所带来的负面影响，并在群落层面维持物候同步性。本研究旨在探究生物多样性如何提升并稳定经济作物苹果与其本土传粉者之间的物候同步性。我们整合了46年的苹果开花物候数据，以及同期的蜜蜂传粉者历史观测记录。当将苹果的主要传粉蜂类视为整体时，我们发现由于不同蜂类活动周期的生态位互补，蜂类活动与苹果盛花期之间存在高度同步性；同时，由于不同蜂类对气候变暖的响应存在差异，这种同步性随时间推移保持稳定。仿真模型验证了：高水平的生物多样性能够保障植物-传粉者间的物候同步性，进而维持传粉服务功能。