Data from: Herbicide screening and application method development for sustainable weed management in Tagetes erecta L. fields

Tagetes erecta L. (marigold), a crop of significant medicinal, ornamental,
and economic value, faces severe industrialization challenges due to
weed-induced yield losses (up to 60%). This study aims to identify safe
and highly efficient herbicides for marigold, assess their effects on
dominant weeds and crop safety, and provide a practical basis for
large-scale cultivation. We evaluated 11 pre-emergence herbicides, 13
post-emergence herbicides, and agronomic practices (plastic mulch) through
three field trials to optimize weed control, crop safety, and
productivity. In Experiment 1, pre-emergence applications of pendimethalin
(35% SC) and oxyfluorfen (240 g/L EC) under plastic mulch suppressed
85–99% of grass and broad-leaved weeds, elevating marigold yield to
1,655.6 kg/667 m² and increasing lutein content by 10.7% compared to
controls, with no phytotoxicity to subsequent wheat or broad beans.
Experiment 2 demonstrated that post-cultivation soil treatment with
metolachlor · oxyfluorfen · pendimethalin (50% EC) enhanced weed
suppression (47.8–53.6%) and yield (3.4% increase) while ensuring crop
safety. Experiment 3 revealed that the post-emergence herbicides
haloxyfop-P-methyl (108 g/L EC) and fomesafen (250 g/L SL) achieved over
92% reduction in grass weed biomass and over 75% reduction in broadleaf
weed density, respectively, alongside a 6.1% yield improvement. Therefore,
region-specific strategies are recommended based on local agronomic
conditions: high-value production zones should adopt integrated systems
combining plastic mulch with pre-emergence herbicides; arid lands with
extended crop rotation intervals require pre-emergence herbicides after
intertillage and earthing-up; labor-abundant regions can rotate targeted
post-emergence herbicides to delay resistance evolution. This study
provides data-driven optimization strategies for comprehensive weed
management in marigold fields, offering practical solutions to enhance
industrial productivity and ecological sustainability.

万寿菊（Tagetes erecta L.，marigold）是一种兼具重要药用、观赏与经济价值的作物，但因杂草导致的产量损失最高可达60%，面临严峻的产业化困境。本研究旨在筛选安全高效的万寿菊专用除草剂，评估其对优势杂草的防控效果及对作物的安全性，为其规模化种植提供实践依据。本研究通过3组田间试验，对11种芽前除草剂（pre-emergence herbicides）、13种芽后除草剂（post-emergence herbicides）以及农艺措施（塑料地膜覆盖，plastic mulch）进行评价，以优化杂草防控、保障作物安全并提升生产效益。试验1结果显示，结合地膜覆盖施用二甲戊灵（pendimethalin 35% SC）和乙氧氟草醚（oxyfluorfen 240 g/L EC），可抑制85%~99%的禾本科与阔叶杂草，万寿菊产量提升至1655.6 kg/667 m²，叶黄素（lutein）含量较对照组提高10.7%，且对后茬小麦与蚕豆无药害（phytotoxicity）。试验2表明，播后土壤施用精异丙甲草胺·乙氧氟草醚·二甲戊灵复配剂（metolachlor · oxyfluorfen · pendimethalin 50% EC）可提升杂草防控效果（47.8%~53.6%）与作物产量（增幅3.4%），同时保障作物安全性。试验3显示，芽后除草剂精吡氟禾草灵（haloxyfop-P-methyl 108 g/L EC）与三氟羧草醚（fomesafen 250 g/L SL）分别可使禾本科杂草生物量降低92%以上、阔叶杂草密度降低75%以上，同时实现6.1%的产量增幅。据此，本研究建议根据当地农艺条件制定区域化杂草防控方案：高价值生产区应采用地膜覆盖与芽前除草剂相结合的集成防控体系；干旱且轮作周期较长的地块，可在中耕培土后施用芽前除草剂；劳动力充裕的地区可轮换使用针对性芽后除草剂，以延缓杂草抗药性演化（weed resistance evolution）。本研究为万寿菊田杂草的综合防控提供了数据驱动的优化策略，可为提升其产业生产效率与生态可持续性提供实用解决方案。