Data of "An Observational Study of Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests Reported In Indian Print Media"

Background:Newspapers in India often report incidents of cardiac arrest. Media reports are a source for raising awareness of cardiac arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) among the public. Data on Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests(OHCA) is limited in India. Methods: The study aims at evaluating the reports of OHCA as reported in print media (particularly newspapers in India) with Utstein template-portrayal of cardiac arrest, demographics, patient and resuscitation characteristics. Methods: Study design: This is an observational study of a cohort of cardiac arrests reported in selected Indian English newspapers. Setting:There has been an attempt in securing national data on OHCA.There is no single source or agency in India through which all media reports can be collected. Only English newspapers with websites and data available for public domain were accessed for reports of cardiac arrest. Participants: Subjects from reports of cardiac arrest in various locations in India. Sources of data: Newspaper reports from English language Indian newspapers with wider circulation. They were retrieved from the archives during 2001-2019 from the websites of : The Hindu, The New Indian Express, The Times of India, Hans India and The Pioneer. All the articles are screened for eligibility. Initially, those reports with a search word "cardiac arrest" were retrieved. Articles eligible for inclusion included persons sustaining cardiac arrest at several Indian locations. Reports with no reference to a possible cardiac arrest were excluded. Articles in different newspapers of the same cardiac arrest victim were searched for any additional information, and only the best report was included. Those due to obvious possible non-cardiac causes such as trauma were excluded. Data related to Utstein variables were extracted from these reports. Data of OHCA subjects were selected for analysis. Results: 1779 reports reviewed and 1703 selected after excluding 76. Of these, 279 reports did not specify whether it was an In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (IHCA)or OHCA. Of the remaining 1424 reports,377 reports were IHCA, and 1047 were OHCA. 1047 OHCA cases selected for analysis. The study noted male preponderance and a median age of 51--60 years. OHCA commonly occurred in residential locations, followed by public buildings, other places and street/highways. Prior risk factors, heart disease, symptoms were reported in some reports. Of 15 subjects who received CPR, 11 were reported to have survived. Though demographic data is reported in the majority, there is poor reporting of clinical and resuscitation details. Limitations:The study may not reflect the total number of OHCA reported as accessing the information from newspapers in different languages from different States was a limiting factor. Conclusions: The study gives a glimpse of OHCA in India and emphasizes the need for elaborate reporting of data on cardiac arrest. The crucial role of media is recognized.

背景：印度报纸常报道心脏骤停事件。媒体报道是提升公众对心脏骤停及心肺复苏术（Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation，CPR）认知的重要渠道。目前印度院外心脏骤停（Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest，OHCA）相关数据较为匮乏。
方法：本研究旨在评估印度印刷媒体（尤其是当地报纸）报道的院外心脏骤停事件，采用Utstein模板（Utstein template）对心脏骤停的相关情况、人口统计学特征、患者信息及复苏相关特征进行标准化呈现。
研究设计：本研究为观察性队列研究，队列来自印度部分英文报纸报道的心脏骤停事件。
研究背景：印度此前曾尝试收集院外心脏骤停的全国性数据，但印度并无单一渠道或机构可整合所有媒体报道。本次研究仅纳入拥有公开官方网站且数据可公开获取的英文报纸的心脏骤停相关报道。
研究对象：印度各地区报道中涉及的心脏骤停事件相关主体。
数据来源：选自发行量较大的印度英文报纸的报道，于2001年至2019年间从《The Hindu》《The New Indian Express》《The Times of India》《Hans India》及《The Pioneer》的官方档案库中检索获取。
所有文章均经过纳入排除标准筛选：首先检索包含关键词“cardiac arrest”的报道；纳入标准为涉及印度境内多地发生心脏骤停事件的文章；排除未提及疑似心脏骤停的报道。针对同一心脏骤停患者的不同报纸报道，将检索其补充信息，仅保留信息最完整的一篇；因明确的非心脏原因（如创伤）导致的心脏骤停事件相关报道予以排除。从符合要求的报道中提取与Utstein模板变量相关的数据，并选取院外心脏骤停患者的数据进行分析。
结果：本研究共审阅1779篇报道，排除76篇后最终纳入1703篇。其中279篇未明确提及为院内心脏骤停（In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest，IHCA）还是院外心脏骤停，剩余1424篇报道中，377篇为院内心脏骤停，1047篇为院外心脏骤停，最终选取1047例院外心脏骤停病例进行分析。研究发现男性占比更高，患者年龄中位数为51~60岁。院外心脏骤停多发生于住宅区域，其次为公共建筑、其他场所及街道/公路。部分报道提及了患者的既往危险因素、心脏疾病及相关症状。在15例接受心肺复苏术的患者中，有11例存活。尽管多数报道提供了人口统计学数据，但临床及复苏相关细节的报道质量较差。
局限性：本研究仅纳入了不同邦的英文报纸报道，未覆盖其他语言的媒体内容，因此无法完全反映印度所有院外心脏骤停事件的报道全貌。
结论：本研究展现了印度院外心脏骤停事件的概况，强调了完善心脏骤停相关数据报道体系的必要性，同时肯定了媒体在该领域发挥的关键作用。