Replication data for: Subglacial upwelling in spring increases under-ice primary production

The dataset was taken in April 2019 in Billefjorden, Svalbard, a sea-ice covered tidewater glacier influenced fjord. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of potential subglacial upwelling on oceanographic and biogeochemical processes in the fjord. We hypothesized that subglacial upwelling is present under sea ice, but at lower rates than in summer. However, due to the sea ice blocking any other freshwater inputs and wind mixing, we propose that this upwelling is still important in shaping the sea ice, stabilizing a stratified surface layer, and bringing potentially limiting nutrients to the surface. we measured salinity and temperature profiles in the water column and sea ice together with nutrient concentrations and chlorophyll. We studied the algal and bacterial communities using microscopic and DNA sequencing methods, and measured vertical chlorophyll fluxes and primary and bacterial production to discuss the effects of subglacial upwelling on the carbon cycle.

本数据集采集于2019年4月的斯瓦尔巴群岛比尔峡湾（Billefjorden），该峡湾为受潮汐冰川影响且被海冰覆盖的峡湾。本研究旨在探究潜在的冰下上升流（subglacial upwelling）对该峡湾内海洋学与生物地球化学过程的影响。我们提出假设：海冰下方存在冰下上升流，但其速率低于夏季。然而，由于海冰阻隔了其他淡水输入与风力混合过程，我们认为该上升流仍对海冰形态塑造、表层水体层结稳定具有重要作用，并能将潜在限制性营养盐输送至表层。我们对水柱与海冰中的盐度、温度剖面进行了测量，同时测定了营养盐浓度与叶绿素含量。我们借助显微观测与DNA测序技术对藻类与细菌群落展开研究，并通过测定垂直叶绿素通量、初级生产力与细菌生产力，探讨冰下上升流对碳循环的影响。