The potential clinical impact of the release of two drafts of the human proteome

The authors have carried out an investigation of the two “draft maps of the human proteome” published in 2014 in <i>Nature</i>. The findings include an abundance of poor spectra, low-scoring peptide-spectrum matches and incorrectly identified proteins in both these studies, highlighting clear issues with the application of false discovery rates. This noise means that the claims made by the two papers – the identification of high numbers of protein coding genes, the detection of novel coding regions and the draft tissue maps themselves – should be treated with considerable caution. The authors recommend that clinicians and researchers do not use the unfiltered data from these studies. Despite this these studies will inspire further investigation into tissue-based proteomics. As long as this future work has proper quality controls, it could help produce a consensus map of the human proteome and improve our understanding of the processes that underlie health and disease.

研究团队针对2014年发表于《自然》（*Nature*）的两篇“人类蛋白质组草图”研究展开了调查。调查结果显示，两项研究中均存在大量劣质质谱、低分肽段-质谱匹配结果以及错误鉴定的蛋白质，凸显了假发现率（False Discovery Rate）应用过程中存在的明显问题。这类数据噪声使得两项研究提出的诸多核心结论——包括鉴定出大量蛋白质编码基因、检测到全新编码区域以及构建组织蛋白质组草图本身——均需谨慎采信。研究团队建议临床医生与科研人员勿直接使用两项研究中的未过滤原始数据。尽管如此，这两项研究仍将激发基于组织的蛋白质组学领域的进一步探索。只要后续研究能够采用恰当的质量控制措施，将有助于构建人类蛋白质组的共识图谱，并深化我们对健康与疾病背后核心生理过程的认知。