Preferences for Disability Acknowledgement: Variance across Situations and Individuals

We examined the conditions under which acknowledgment of physical or mental disabilities was considered to be more or less socially permissible. In Study 1, participants responded to 27 scenarios that varied in terms of (a) the necessity of disability accommodations, (b) need for education/awareness, (c) concern for unfair advantage-taking, and (d) concern for shaming and stigmatization. Analyses indicated substantial variability in support for disability acknowledgement both across scenarios, and across individuals. In Study 2, the four aforementioned factors were varied experimentally within a set of scenarios. Consistent with the patterns observed in Study 1, support for disability acknowledgement was greater in cases where accommodations were more pressing, or if a clear need to educate others was present. Support was reduced in cases where there was a concern for unfair advantages or shaming/stigmatization. Corresponding mediational evidence was presented. Finally, in Study 3, we examined the relationship between disability acknowledgement preferences and individual difference constructs including political ideology, anti-disability prejudice, and social dominance orientation. Findings indicated that disability acknowledgement can be motivated by different sets of values depending upon these characteristics.<b></b>

本研究考察了身体或精神残疾的承认行为在何种条件下被认为具有更高或更低的社会可接受性。在研究1中，受试者需对27种不同情境作出回应，这些情境在以下四个维度上存在差异：(a) 残疾便利措施的必要性；(b) 开展教育/认知提升的需求；(c) 对不当获利的担忧；(d) 对羞辱与污名化的顾虑。分析结果显示，无论是在不同情境间还是不同受试者个体间，对残疾承认行为的支持度均存在显著差异。在研究2中，研究人员通过实验操控了一组情境中的上述四项因素。与研究1中观察到的模式一致，当残疾便利措施的需求更为迫切，或存在明确的向他人开展教育宣传的需求时，受试者对残疾承认行为的支持度更高；而当受试者担忧存在不当获利或会引发羞辱/污名化时，其支持度则会降低。本研究同时提供了相应的中介效应证据。最后，在研究3中，我们考察了残疾承认偏好与各类个体差异构念之间的关联，其中涵盖政治意识形态、反残疾偏见以及社会支配取向。研究结果表明，根据受试者的上述个体特征，残疾承认行为的动机可由不同的价值取向所驱动。<b></b>