Common commercially available parasiticides do not cause fatal changes in the microbiome of the dung beetle <i>Onthophagus binodis</i>–a pilot study

Dung beetles perform vital ecosystem functions, but their survival is threatened by parasiticide use in veterinary practices. Currently, it's unclear if parasiticides directly harm dung beetles or cause damage via secondary effects on crucial microbiome components. We investigated the impact of three commercial parasiticides (P1–levamisole and oxfendazole; P2–abamectin, levamisole and oxfendazole; P3–moxidectin) on <i>Onthophagus binodis</i> dung beetle gut and exoskeleton microbiomes. Dung beetles were subjected to parasiticides mixed with fresh dung for 14 days, and we used 16S rRNA genes to detect bacterial diversity changes. The tested parasiticides didn't alter dung beetle gut communities, but slightly affected the exoskeleton microbiota composition. No mortality difference was observed. <i>Onthophagus binodis</i> microbiomes are mainly diet-influenced, and their exoskeleton is more adaptable than their gut. Our study suggests that adjustable dung beetle microbiomes aren't susceptible to parasiticides due to their innate resilience.蜣螂具备至关重要的生态系统功能，但其生存正受到兽医临床使用驱虫剂的威胁。目前尚不明确驱虫剂是会直接损害蜣螂，还是通过对关键微生物组（microbiome）组分产生次生效应而造成损伤。本研究针对三种商用驱虫剂（P1——左旋咪唑与奥芬达唑；P2——阿维菌素、左旋咪唑与奥芬达唑；P3——莫西克汀）对双斑嗡蜣螂（Onthophagus binodis）肠道及外骨骼微生物组的影响展开了研究。研究将蜣螂置于混有驱虫剂的新鲜粪便环境中暴露14天，并通过16S rRNA基因（16S rRNA gene）技术检测细菌多样性的变化。结果显示，受试驱虫剂并未改变蜣螂肠道微生物群落，但对外骨骼微生物群组成产生了轻微影响，且未观察到死亡率差异。双斑嗡蜣螂的微生物组主要受饮食因素调控，其外骨骼的适应性较肠道更强。本研究表明，得益于先天抗逆性，蜣螂具备可调节能力的微生物组并不会受到驱虫剂的影响。