Data from: Microsatellite loci for dreissenid mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) and relatives: markers for assessing exotic and native populations

We developed and tested 14 new polymorphic microsatellite loci for dreissenid mussels, including the two species that have invaded many freshwater habitats in Eurasia and North America, where they cause serious industrial fouling damage and ecological alterations. These new loci will aid our understanding of their genetic patterns in invasive populations as well as throughout their native Ponto-Caspian distributions. Eight new loci for the zebra mussel
Dreissena polymorpha
and six for the quagga mussel
D. rostriformis bugensis
were compared with new results from six previously published loci to generate a robust molecular toolkit for dreissenid mussels and their relatives. Taxa tested include
D. polymorpha
,
D. r. bugensis
,
D. r. grimmi
,
D. stankovici
, the “living fossil”
Congeria kusceri
, and the dark false mussel
Mytilopsis leucophaeata
(the latter also is invasive). Overall, most of the 24 zebra mussel (N=583) and 13 quagga mussel (N=269) population samples conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations for the new loci following Bonferroni correction. The 11 loci (eight new, three previously published) evaluated for
D. polymorpha
averaged 35.1 alleles and 0.72 mean observed heterozygosity per locus, and 25.3 and 0.75 for the nine loci (six new, three previously published) developed for
D. r. bugensis
. All but three of these loci successfully amplified the other species of
Dreissena
, and all but one also amplified
Congeria
and
Mytilopsis
. All species and populations tested were significantly divergent using the microsatellite data, with neighbor-joining trees reflecting their evolutionary relationships; our results reveal broad utility for resolving their biogeographic, evolutionary, population, and ecological patterns.

我们为斑贻贝科（dreissenid mussels）物种开发并验证了14个全新的多态性微卫星位点（microsatellite loci），其涵盖了已入侵欧亚大陆与北美众多淡水生境的两个物种——这两种入侵生物已造成严重的工业管道结垢损害与生态系统结构改变。这些新位点将助力我们深入解析其入侵种群，以及原生庞特-里海（Ponto-Caspian）分布区内种群的遗传模式。针对斑马贻贝（Dreissena polymorpha）开发的8个新位点，与针对斑驴贻贝（Dreissena rostriformis bugensis）开发的6个新位点，结合6个已发表位点的新测序结果，最终构建了一套适用于斑贻贝科物种及其近缘类群的稳健分子工具包。本次验证的类群包括斑马贻贝（D. polymorpha）、斑驴贻贝（D. r. bugensis）、D. r. grimmi、D. stankovici、“活化石”库氏帘蛤（Congeria kusceri），以及暗假贻贝（Mytilopsis leucophaeata）——后者同样为入侵物种。总体而言，经邦费罗尼校正（Bonferroni correction）后，在583份斑马贻贝种群样本与269份斑驴贻贝种群样本中，绝大多数新位点的检测结果符合哈迪-温伯格平衡（Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium）预期。针对斑马贻贝评估的11个位点（含8个新位点与3个已发表位点）平均每个位点包含35.1个等位基因，观测杂合度均值为0.72；针对斑驴贻贝开发的9个位点（含6个新位点与3个已发表位点）则分别达到25.3个等位基因与0.75的观测杂合度均值。除3个位点外，其余位点均能成功扩增其他斑贻贝属（Dreissena）物种的靶序列；除1个位点外，其余位点均能成功扩增帘蛤属（Congeria）与假贻贝属（Mytilopsis）物种的靶序列。利用微卫星数据，所有受试物种与种群均呈现出显著的遗传分化，邻接树（neighbor-joining trees）清晰反映了它们的进化关系；本研究结果表明，这套分子工具包可广泛用于解析该类群的生物地理、进化、种群与生态模式。