Diversity of macrofungi and exploitation of edible mushroom resources in the National Park “Appennino Lucano, Val D'Agri, Lagonegrese” (Italy)

An investigation on the macrofungal diversity of the National Park “Appennino Lucano, Val D'Agri, Lagonegrese” (Basilicata, southern Italy) was carried out, together with an evaluation of wild edible mushrooms in agro-forest ecosystems and their possible exploitation as a new source of food and revenue in rural and under-developed areas of this region. An unpublished list of 249 mushroom taxa (229 <i>Basidiomycota</i> and 20 <i>Ascomycota</i>), mostly belonging to the genera <i>Tricholoma</i>, <i>Tuber</i>, <i>Russula</i>, <i>Amanita</i>, <i>Boletus</i>, <i>Lactarius</i>, <i>Mycena</i>, <i>Agaricus</i>, <i>Clitocybe</i> and <i>Hygrophorus</i>, growing in this important natural area is provided together with ecological characterization of the recorded specimens. <i>Inonotus obliquus</i> is a new record for Basilicata, while <i>Mycena bresadolana</i> is reported for the first time from southern Italy. The presence of <i>Amaurodon mustialaënsis</i>, an extremely rare species of the northern hemisphere reported for the first time on white fir, is noteworthy. Among the previous findings, 116 species of edible mushrooms are presented and discussed in view of their relative abundance and edibility.

本研究针对意大利南部巴西利卡塔（Basilicata）境内的「卢卡诺亚平宁、瓦尔德里格里、拉戈内格雷塞」国家公园（National Park 'Appennino Lucano, Val D'Agri, Lagonegrese'）开展大型真菌（macrofungal）多样性调查，同时对该区域农林生态系统中的野生食用蘑菇进行评估，并探讨其作为该地区乡村与欠发达地区新型食物与收入来源的可行性。
本研究提供了一份未公开的真菌类群名录，共计249个分类单元，其中担子菌门（Basidiomycota）229种、子囊菌门（Ascomycota）20种，多数隶属于口蘑属（Tricholoma）、块菌属（Tuber）、红菇属（Russula）、鹅膏属（Amanita）、牛肝菌属（Boletus）、乳菇属（Lactarius）、小菇属（Mycena）、伞菌属（Agaricus）、杯伞属（Clitocybe）与蜡伞属（Hygrophorus），收录了该重要自然区域内生长的上述类群，并对记录的标本进行了生态特征描述。
其中，斜针层孔菌（Inonotus obliquus）为巴西利卡塔地区的新记录物种；布雷斯小菇（Mycena bresadolana）则为意大利南部首次报道的物种。值得关注的是，北半球极稀有种穆西阿拉姆毛韧革菌（Amaurodon mustialaënsis）首次在白冷杉上被记录报道。
基于前期调查获得的成果，本研究还针对其中116种食用蘑菇的相对丰度与可食用性展开了讨论与分析。