Temporal scale of habitat selection for large carnivores: Balancing energetics, risk and finding prey

1.    When navigating heterogeneous landscapes, large carnivores must balance trade-offs between multiple goals, including minimizing energetic expenditure, maintaining access to hunting opportunities, and avoiding potential risk from humans. The relative importance of these goals in driving carnivore movement likely changes across temporal scales, but our understanding of these dynamics remains limited. 
2.    Here we quantified how drivers of movement and habitat selection changed with temporal grain for two large carnivore species living in human-dominated landscapes, providing insights into commonalities in carnivore movement strategies across regions. 
3.    We used high-resolution GPS collar data and integrated step selection analyses to model movement and habitat selection for African lions (Panthera leo) in Laikipia, Kenya and pumas (Puma concolor) in the Santa Cruz Mountains of California across eight temporal grains, ranging from 5 minutes to 12 hours. Analyses considered la...

1. 当在异质生境（heterogeneous landscapes）中移动时，大型食肉动物必须在多重目标间权衡取舍，包括最小化能量消耗、保障狩猎机会的可及性，以及规避人类带来的潜在风险。这些目标驱动食肉动物移动的相对重要性可能随时间尺度发生变化，但目前我们对这类动态变化的认知仍较为有限。
2. 本研究针对栖息于人为主导景观中的两种大型食肉动物，量化了其移动与生境选择的驱动因子如何随时间粒度（temporal grain）发生变化，以此揭示不同区域食肉动物移动策略的共性特征。
3. 本研究采用高分辨率GPS项圈数据（GPS collar data），结合集成步长选择分析方法，针对肯尼亚莱基皮亚的非洲狮（Panthera leo）与美国加利福尼亚州圣克鲁兹山脉的美洲狮（Puma concolor），在5分钟至12小时共8种时间粒度下分别构建移动与生境选择模型。分析过程考量了……