山南地区雅鲁藏布江防护林营林技术体系研究

雅鲁藏布江防护林营林技术体系的试验研究是一项复杂的农林牧等多方面研究系统工程。在严酷的干旱高原环境条件下， 既要保证林木成活和生长良好， 又要起到防风固沙、疏通江道、保持水土等作用。雅鲁藏布江山南地段的沙滩地资源和河谷阶地、洪积扇坡地资源开发为对象， 设计了从工程措施到生物措施相结合的综合治江工程， 从乡土树种选育到树种引种驯化和育苗技术及综合造林技术， 从单一的春季造林到春、雨、冬三季造林， 从单一的插干造林方式到植苗、插干、直播造林和封育并举， 采取科学的整地、合理密度、植苗、抚育、管护的“一条龙”植树法。同时创建“丁字坝”工程措施和“林坝”生物措施相结合的综合治江工程取得成功并得到应用和推广。收集筛选银白杨、核桃等10多种， 适用于大面积推广造林的乡土树种。这一成果为江河的开发利用提供了一种新方法， 使山南地区近3万公顷和日喀则地区1万多公顷的沙滩被规划为林业用地。

The experimental research on the afforestation technical system of the Yarlung Zangbo River shelterbelt is a complex systematic research project spanning multiple fields including agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry. Under the harsh arid plateau environment, it is required to not only ensure the survival and good growth of trees, but also realize the functions of windbreak and sand fixation, river channel regulation, soil and water conservation and other aspects. Taking the sandy land resources, river valley terraces and alluvial fan slope land resources in the Shannan section of the Yarlung Zangbo River as the research objects, this study designed a comprehensive river management project combining engineering and biological measures. The work covers from the selection and breeding of native tree species, introduction and domestication of tree species, seedling raising technology and comprehensive afforestation technology, to shifting from single spring afforestation to afforestation in three seasons of spring, rainy season and winter, and from single stem-cutting afforestation to combining seedling planting, stem-cutting, direct seeding afforestation and enclosure protection. A "one-stop" tree planting method including scientific site preparation, reasonable planting density, seedling planting, tending and management was adopted. Meanwhile, the comprehensive river management project combining the engineering measure of "groyne" and the biological measure of "forest dam" was successfully developed, applied and promoted. More than 10 native tree species suitable for large-scale afforestation promotion, such as silver poplar and walnut, were collected and screened. This achievement provides a new method for the development and utilization of rivers, and has enabled the sandy lands of nearly 30,000 hectares in Shannan Prefecture and more than 10,000 hectares in Xigaze Prefecture to be planned as forestry land.