Palaeoproteomic variation between cortical and trabecular bone

Here we provide proteomic datasets of pairs of cortical and trabecular bone from six Early Holocene Caprinae rib fragments from the site of La Draga, Spain, using shotgun proteomics. Our observations on proteome size and protein, peptide, and amino acid degradation have implications for the sampling of archaeological skeletal remains in highly degraded proteomic contexts, where preference should be given to the sampling of cortical bone in order to maximise the retrieval of larger and better-preserved skeletal proteomes.