Sociodemographic Profile of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil (2010-2019)

Abstract Background Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of mortality in Brazil, which includes acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In 2017, 12% of deaths caused by infarction in Brazil occurred in the state of Rio de Janeiro, characterizing it as an important “hotspot” in the country. Objectives This study aimed to characterize the population affected by AMI over the past decade within the state so as to guide future public policies related to CVDs. Methods Secondary data of patients affected by AMI between 2010 and 2019 were obtained by DATASUS. In-hospital case-fatality rates, mortality rates, and proportional mortality were calculated using information gathered by the Mortality Information System (SIM) and demographic statistics produced by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Results The main results showed that in-hospital case-fatality rates were higher in women, patients aged 60 years and over, the black color/race, and the state's Northwest region. The mortality rate was higher among men, especially in the South-central region and those over 50 years of age. People aged 40-49 years presented a considerable risk of death by infarction. The major categories of data classified as “ignored” in hospital admissions and death certificates were those related to race and education level. Conclusions Prevention should not only focus on the elderly, but also on people over 40, especially men. The incompleteness of electronic public data systems can affect the use of race/color or education level as epidemiological variables. New studies should be conducted to understand why the South-central region is so heavily affected by infarction.

【研究背景】心血管疾病（Cardiovascular Diseases, CVDs）是巴西首要的致死性病因，其范畴涵盖急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction, AMI）。2017年，巴西因梗死引发的死亡病例中有12%发生于里约热内卢州，使其成为该国重要的“疫情热点区域”。【研究目的】本研究旨在明确该州近十年来受急性心肌梗死影响的人群特征，以期为未来心血管疾病相关公共政策的制定提供科学依据。【研究方法】本研究通过DATASUS获取了2010至2019年急性心肌梗死患者的二手研究数据。借助死亡信息系统（Mortality Information System, SIM）采集的信息以及巴西地理与统计研究所（Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, IBGE）发布的人口统计数据，本研究计算了院内病死率、死亡率及死亡构成比。【研究结果】主要结果显示，女性、60岁及以上患者、黑人（黑种人群）以及该州西北部地区患者的院内病死率更高。男性的死亡率更高，尤其是在中南部地区及50岁以上人群中。40至49岁人群呈现出较高的梗死相关死亡风险。住院登记与死亡证明中被归类为“未知”的主要数据类别涉及种族与受教育水平。【研究结论】心血管疾病预防不应仅聚焦于老年人群，还应覆盖40岁以上人群，尤其是男性。公共电子数据系统的信息不完备性可能会限制种族/肤色或受教育水平作为流行病学变量的应用价值。未来应开展新的研究，以阐明中南部地区为何受梗死影响如此严重。