Late Holocene Reef-Island Evolution at Lalo (French Frigate Shoals), Papahānaumokuākea National Marine Sanctuary

This dataset is affiliated with the manuscript entitled "Late Holocene Reef-Island Evolution Reveals Natural Limits of Atoll Resilience at Lalo (French Frigate Shoals), Papahānaumokuākea National Marine Sanctuary" (Kane et al. 2026 in review). We provide source data (radiocarbon ages, sedimentary composition, and grain size) along with R code (.Rmd format) underlying analyses reported on in the manuscript. This repository contains the following data files for both Hikina and Lalopulewa reef-island systems: Raw grain size data ("Lalo_grain-size.xlsx"): dry mass (g), corrected dry mass (g), size-fraction masses (<63 μm, >63μm; g), masses for phi sizes <-3 to >4 (g), estimated mass loss from grain size analysis (g), percent loss (%), percent mass for phi sizes <-3 to >4 (%), and cumulative weights for phi sizes -3 to 5 (%) for each unique sample. Includes long-form sample names and short-format sample identifiers (variable "Sample") used throughout other tables. Grain size quantiles ("Lalo_grain-size-quantiles.xlsx"): percentiles (calculated from cumulative weights), phi size (φ), size (μm), for each reef-island system and type (Island, Offshore, Trench). Sediment composition ("Lalo_composition.xlsx"): Calendar Years (CE) estimated from radiocarbon ages (Cal Yr BP), along with thin section point-counts for Crustose Coralline Algae (CCA), Halimeda, Coral, Echinoderms, Mollusks, Intraclasts, Foraminifera, and Micrite; number of unidentifiable grains (UI) in point-counts; total counted grains including UI; and total counted grains excluding UI for eaach unique sample. Radiocarbon ages ("Lalo_14C-ages.xlsx"): Material dated, 14C age (yr BP), 2σ range for calibrated radiocarbon age (cal yr BP), and median estimate calibrated radiocarbon age (cal yr BP) for each dated sample. Also included is the source code for analyses reported in Kane et al. 2026 in .Rmd format ("Kane2026_Lalo-Evolution.Rmd") and the knitted Rmd output, saved as an HTML ("Kane2026_Lalo-Evolution.html") which contains annotated code chunks and figures along with descriptions of each analysis conducted in plain-text format.