Data from: Contrasting patterns of gene flow for Amazonian snakes that actively forage and those that wait in ambush

Knowledge of genetic structure, geographic distance and environmental
heterogeneity can be used to identify environmental features and natural
history traits that influence dispersal and gene flow. Foraging mode is a
trait that might predict dispersal capacity in snakes, because actively
foragers typically have greater movement rates than ambush predators. Here
we test the hypothesis that two actively foraging snakes have higher
levels of gene flow than two ambush predators. We evaluated these four
co-distributed species of snakes in the Brazilian Amazon. Snakes were
sampled along an 880km transect from the central to the southwest of the
Amazon basin, which covered a mosaic of vegetation types and seasonal
differences in climate. We analyzed thousands of Single Nucleotide
Polymorphisms (SNPs) to compare patterns of neutral gene flow based on
isolation by geographic distance (IBD) and environmental resistance (IBR).
We show that IBD and IBR were only evident in ambush predators, implying
lower levels of dispersal than the active foragers. Therefore, gene flow
was high enough in the active foragers analyzed here to prevent any
build-up of spatial genotypic structure with respect to geographic
distance and environmental heterogeneity.

对遗传结构、地理距离与环境异质性的认知，可用于识别影响扩散与基因流的环境特征及自然历史性状。觅食模式是一类可预测蛇类扩散能力的性状，因主动觅食者的移动速率通常高于伏击捕食者。本研究检验如下假说：两种主动觅食的蛇类，其基因流水平高于两种伏击捕食者。我们在巴西亚马逊地区对这4种同分布蛇类开展了评估。采样沿亚马逊盆地中部至西南部的880公里样带进行，覆盖了植被类型镶嵌分布且气候存在季节差异的区域。我们分析了数千个单核苷酸多态性（Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms, SNPs），以对比基于地理距离隔离（isolation by geographic distance, IBD）与环境阻力隔离（environmental resistance, IBR）的中性基因流模式。研究结果显示，地理距离隔离与环境阻力隔离仅见于伏击捕食者，这意味着其扩散水平低于主动觅食者。因此，本研究所分析的主动觅食者，其基因流水平足够高，足以避免因地理距离与环境异质性而产生的空间遗传结构累积。