The Geography and Channels of Diffusion at the World's Technology Frontier

Convergence in per capita income turns on whether technological knowledge spillovers are global or local. Global spillovers favor convergence, while a geographically limited scope of knowledge diffusion can lead to regional clusters of countries with persistently different levels of income per

人均收入趋同的关键在于，技术知识溢出（technological knowledge spillovers）究竟是全球性还是地方性的。全球性知识溢出有助于促进收入趋同，而地理范围受限的知识扩散，则可能形成人均收入水平长期存在显著差异的国家区域集群。