Incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity in a Brazilian reference service

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a known cause of blindness in which diagnosis and timely treatment can prevent serious harm to the child. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of ROP and its association with known risk factors. DESIGN AND SETTING: Longitudinal incidence study in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. METHODS: Newborns admitted to the NICU with gestational age less than 32 weeks and/or birth weight less than 1,500 grams, were followed up over a two-year period. The assessment and diagnosis of ROP were defined in accordance with a national protocol. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used to determine associations between independent variables and ROP. Analysis on the independent effect of the variables on the results was performed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: The incidence of ROP was 44.5% (95% confidence interval, CI = 35.6-46.1) in the study population. The risk factors associated with the risk of developing the disease were: birth weight less than 1,000 grams (odds ratio, OR = 4.14; 95% CI = 1.34-12.77); gestational age less than 30 weeks (OR = 6.69; 95% CI = 2.10-21.31); use of blood derivatives (OR = 4.14; 95% CI = 2.99-8.99); and presence of sepsis (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.45-2.40). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of ROP was higher than that found in the literature. The main risk factors were related to extreme prematurity. CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: A retinopatia da prematuridade (ROP) é causa conhecida de cegueira e diagnóstico e tratamento oportunos podem evitar graves danos à criança. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a incidência da ROP e sua associação com fatores de risco conhecidos.

研究背景与目的：早产儿视网膜病变（Retinopathy of prematurity, ROP）是公认的致盲性疾病，及时诊断与治疗可避免患儿遭受严重损害。本研究旨在评估ROP的发病率，及其与已知危险因素的相关性。
研究设计与研究地点：本研究为在蒙特斯克拉鲁斯州立大学新生儿重症监护病房（Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, NICU）开展的纵向发病率研究。
研究方法：本研究纳入胎龄小于32周且/或出生体重低于1500克的入住NICU新生儿，进行为期两年的随访。ROP的评估与诊断参照国家统一方案执行。采用卡方检验（chi-square test）或Fisher确切概率法（Fisher's exact test）分析自变量与ROP的相关性，并通过多因素logistic回归（multiple logistic regression）分析各变量对研究结局的独立影响。
研究结果：本研究人群中ROP的发病率为44.5%（95%置信区间（Confidence Interval, CI）=35.6~46.1）。与该病发病风险显著相关的危险因素包括：出生体重低于1000克（比值比（Odds Ratio, OR）=4.14；95%CI=1.34~12.77）、胎龄小于30周（OR=6.69；95%CI=2.10~21.31）、血液制品输注（OR=4.14；95%CI=2.99~8.99）以及合并败血症（sepsis）（OR=1.99；95%CI=1.45~2.40）。
研究结论：本研究中ROP的发病率高于现有文献报道水平，主要危险因素与极早早产相关。
研究背景与目的：早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）是公认的致盲病因，及时诊断与治疗可避免患儿出现严重损害。本研究旨在评估ROP的发病率及其与已知危险因素的相关性。