Multispecies interactions and the community context of the evolution of virulence

Pairwise host-parasite relationships are typically embedded in broader networks of ecological interactions, which have the potential to shape parasite evolutionary trajectories. Understanding this \"community context\" of pathogen evolution is vital for wildlife, agricultural, and human systems alike, as pathogens typically infect multiple hosts – and these hosts may have independent ecological relationships. Here we introduce an eco-evolutionary model examining ecological feedbacks across a range of host-host interactions. Specifically, we analyze a model of the evolution of virulence of a parasite infecting two hosts exhibiting competitive, mutualistic, or exploitative relationships. We first find that parasite specialism is necessary for inter-host interactions to impact parasite evolution. Furthermore, we find generally that increasing competition between hosts leads to higher shared parasite virulence, while increasing mutualism leads to lower virulence. In exploitative host-host int..., , , # MultihostParasite

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c866t1gfm](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c866t1gfm)

Scripts and data files accompanying the manuscript \"Multispecies interactions and the community context of the evolution of virulence\". Outputs from simulations are found in (multihost_virulencedata.xlsx, see below for further detail). MATLAB Scripts in the Simulations folder can be used to generate the data in Figures 3-6 in the main text and in all Supplemental figures. R Scripts in the Figures folder produce the figures themselves.

### **Descriptions**

###### multihost\_virulencedata

Sheet 1: Absolute ES Virulence

* This sheet contains numerically-determined evolutionarily stable (ES) virulence values from MATLAB simulations, grouped into four columns for the four classes of host-host interactions (classes labeled with gold cell headers above each column). 
* Each column contains four matrices of ES virulence values, one for each mechanism of parasite specialization (mechanism...

成对宿主-寄生虫互作关系通常嵌入于更广泛的生态互作网络之中，此类网络可对寄生虫的演化路径产生塑造作用。理解病原体演化的这一"群落背景"，对于野生动物、农业及人类系统均至关重要——因为病原体通常会侵染多个宿主，而这些宿主之间可能存在独立的生态互作关系。

本研究提出一款生态-演化耦合模型，用于探究不同类型宿主间互作所引发的生态反馈效应。具体而言，我们针对侵染两类宿主的寄生虫毒力演化模型展开分析，这两类宿主之间呈现竞争、互利或剥削（寄生）关系。我们首先证实，寄生虫的特化现象是宿主间互作影响寄生虫演化的必要前提。此外，我们整体观测到：宿主间竞争程度的提升会导致寄生虫共享毒力水平升高，而互利程度的提升则会降低毒力水平。在宿主间存在剥削互作的场景下…… # MultihostParasite

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c866t1gfm](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c866t1gfm)

本数据集附带论文"Multispecies interactions and the community context of the evolution of virulence"（多物种互作与毒力演化的群落背景）的配套代码与数据文件。模拟产出的结果存储于multihost_virulencedata.xlsx文件中，详细说明见下文。

Simulations文件夹下的MATLAB脚本可用于生成正文中图3至图6以及所有补充图所需的实验数据。Figures文件夹下的R脚本则用于绘制上述全部图表。

### 数据集说明

###### multihost_virulencedata

工作表1：绝对进化稳定（Evolutionarily Stable, ES）毒力

* 该工作表包含通过MATLAB模拟数值计算得到的进化稳定毒力值，根据四类宿主间互作类型划分为四列（每列上方的金色单元格标题标注了对应类别）。
* 每列包含四组进化稳定毒力值矩阵，分别对应寄生虫特化的四种作用机制（机制……