Standard obesogenic diet: the impact on oral health in children and teenagers at the Recôncavo Baiano - Brazil

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of dietary patterns on the occurrence of dental caries. Using a population-based, cross-sectional study design, we assessed a sample of 1.439 children aged 6-13 years who were enrolled in public schools in the municipality of São Francisco do Conde, Bahia state, Brazil. Oral examinations for dental caries were performed by two dental surgeons (Kappa = 0.72) in the school environment under natural light with the aid of a wooden spatula and gauze. Dietary intake was assessed using the qualitative-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A questionnaire on the demographic and socioeconomic conditions was applied to the families. The Poisson multivariate analysis was performed for statistical purposes. Considering both dentitions, the prevalence of caries was 82.14% and 37.3% in the permanent and deciduous dentitions, respectively. The identified dietary patterns were classified into “standard obesogenic" and "prudent." The results showed statistically significant association between the obesogenic dietary pattern and dental caries; the proportion of students with dental caries was 1.4 times higher among those who most frequently consumed foods that constitute a standard obesogenic diet (PR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.04-1.96) compared to those who less frequently consumed these types of foods. A positive association between the obesogenic dietary pattern and dental caries was found in the students investigated. Therefore, the promotion of healthy eating habits and nutritional habits should be encouraged to prevent dental caries in children and adolescents.

摘要
本研究旨在评估饮食模式对龋齿发生的影响。采用基于人群的横断面研究设计，对巴西巴伊亚州圣弗朗西斯科-杜孔迪市公立学校在册的1439名6~13岁儿童进行抽样评估。由两名牙科医师（Kappa值=0.72）在学校环境自然光下，借助木质压舌板与纱布完成龋齿口腔检查。采用定性-定量食物频率问卷评估膳食摄入情况，并向家属发放人口学与社会经济状况调查问卷。统计学分析采用泊松多因素分析方法。
综合两种牙列情况，恒牙列与乳牙列的龋齿患病率分别为82.14%和37.3%。本研究识别出的饮食模式可分为“致肥胖型膳食模式”与“谨慎型膳食模式”。结果显示，致肥胖型膳食模式与龋齿存在统计学意义上的显著关联：相较于较少摄入此类食物的学生，频繁摄入致肥胖型膳食食物的学生患龋齿的比例高出1.4倍（患病率比PR=1.40，95%置信区间CI:1.04~1.96）。本次调查的学生群体中，致肥胖型膳食模式与龋齿呈正相关。因此，应倡导健康饮食与营养习惯，以预防儿童青少年龋齿的发生。