Wind effects on the long-distance migration of GPS-tracked adult ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) from Germany

Birds that repeatedly visit distinct places along their migratory routes in consecutive years must be able to navigate to these places and respond appropriately to unfavourable wind conditions. This study analysed the migratory routes, repeatedly-visited areas, and responses to sidewinds of 15 GPS-tracked adult ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) from northeast Germany migrating to their wintering sites in Africa and back. We determined stopovers and intermediate goal areas and performed repeatability estimations on timing and migratory paths in four regions. The orientation behaviour of the ospreys was analysed with regard to perpendicular wind components at each GPS point during autumn and spring migrations. Generalised linear mixed models were used to test the dependence of orientation behaviour on region and the distance to the next goal. The findings showed that ospreys demonstrate high fidelity to migratory paths in autumn and spring, as well as to the timing of migration in autumn; and s..., The data consist of GPS fixes and were obtained via the ARGOS system. Data have been cleaned of errors using MS Excel and were further processed in R., The files are in .txt format and can be accessed by any text editor program or MS Excel.

在连续多个年度中反复造访迁徙路线沿线不同点位的鸟类，必然具备导航至这些点位的能力，并能对不利风况作出恰当响应。本研究针对来自德国东北部的15只经GPS（Global Positioning System）追踪的成年鹗（Pandion haliaetus）展开分析，探究其往返非洲越冬地的迁徙路线、反复造访区域以及对侧风的响应行为。本研究确定了这些鹗的中途停留点与中途目标区域，并对四个区域内的迁徙时序与迁徙路径开展了重复性评估。本研究针对春秋迁徙季中每个GPS定位点处的垂直风分量，分析了鹗的定向行为。本研究采用广义线性混合模型（Generalised linear mixed models），检验定向行为是否受研究区域以及至下一目标的距离影响。研究结果显示，鹗在春秋两季的迁徙路径上均表现出较高的路径保真度，且秋季迁徙时序同样具有较高一致性；此外……本研究的数据为GPS定位数据，通过ARGOS系统获取。数据已通过MS Excel完成错误清洗，并在R语言环境中完成进一步处理。数据集文件为.txt格式，可通过任意文本编辑器或MS Excel打开。