Resilience and sustainability of social enterprises: a systematic review and bibliometrics using PRISMA

Social enterprises (SE) face unique challenges and tensions that require resilience and business sustainability efforts to survive and grow. Therefore, authors perform a PRISMA based systematic literature review (SLR) that provides specific organizational practices constructed from the themes derived through the study. It also critically analyses this data and enables SE practitioners to build resilience and foster business sustainability. This study performed bibliometric analysis on 1743 articles from all journals indexed in Scopus and Web of Science. This study systematically analyzed 257 journal articles from reputed journals to elaborate and classify SE resilience and/or sustainability practices. Eleven clusters were developed following a systematic review process: economic and social effects, entrepreneurship, financial sustainability, hybridity management, bricolage, social impact, social network, social innovation, strategic orientation, digital technology and institutional support. Social entrepreneurs and managers will find meaningful conversations in the findings. Research gaps are delineated as one of the outcomes of this study. There are such reviews on for-profit or commercial businesses, but they are missing in the SE literature.

社会企业（Social Enterprises, SE）面临独特的挑战与张力，唯有通过韧性建设与商业可持续性实践方能实现存续与发展。为此，本研究开展了基于PRISMA声明的系统文献综述（Systematic Literature Review, SLR），从研究提炼的主题中构建出针对性的组织实践方案。本综述同时对相关数据进行批判性分析，可助力社会企业从业者强化韧性、推动商业可持续性发展。本研究首先对Scopus与Web of Science两大数据库收录的全部期刊中的1743篇文献开展文献计量分析，随后从权威期刊中筛选257篇文献进行系统性分析，以详细阐释并分类社会企业的韧性与可持续性实践。本研究通过系统综述流程共提炼出11个研究聚类：经济与社会效应、创业精神、财务可持续性、混合性治理、资源拼凑、社会影响力、社会网络、社会创新、战略导向、数字技术与制度支持。本研究结果可为社会创业者与管理者提供富有价值的参考与讨论方向。本研究的成果之一还明确了当前社会企业领域的研究空白，目前已有针对营利性或商业企业的同类综述，但社会企业领域的此类综述仍属空白。