Data for " The fecundity costs of building domed nests in birds"

<b>Abstract</b>Animal nests provide a beneficial environment for offspring development and as such contribute to fitness. Gathering and transporting materials to construct nests is energetically costly, but the life history trade-offs associated with the types of nests built are largely unknown. Who contributes to building the nest could also mediate these trade-offs, as building a nest as a couple is expected to be less costly per individual than building alone. Using a comparative analysis on 227 songbird species globally, we found a fecundity cost associated with the type of nest a species builds. Species that build domed nests produce fewer broods per year than species building more simple cups or platforms. Domed nesting species also have larger clutch sizes than open nesting species, but only when the nest is built by a couple and not when females build nests alone. This suggests that building domed nests represents a trade-off with investment in young, especially when females are solely responsible for nest building. More broadly, our results could explain macroevolutionary patterns, such as the recent finding that females more often build open cup rather than domed nests.

<b>摘要</b>动物巢穴为后代发育提供了适宜环境，进而有助于提升进化适合度（fitness）。收集并运输筑巢材料需付出高昂的能量成本，但学界对筑巢类型相关的生活史权衡机制仍鲜有研究。筑巢的参与者也可调节这类权衡：相较于单独筑巢，两性合作筑巢时个体承担的成本预计更低。本研究针对全球227种鸣禽开展比较分析，结果显示物种的筑巢类型与繁殖成本存在显著关联。建造穹顶巢（domed nests）的物种每年繁殖窝数少于建造简易杯状巢或平台巢的物种。仅当由两性合作筑巢时，穹顶巢物种的窝卵数才高于开放式筑巢物种；若仅由雌性单独筑巢，则无此差异。这表明建造穹顶巢与后代抚育投入存在权衡，尤其当雌性独自承担筑巢任务时，该权衡效应更为显著。从更广泛的宏观进化视角来看，本研究结果可解释诸多宏观进化模式，例如近期发现的雌性更倾向于建造开放式杯状巢而非穹顶巢的现象。