Constant and random practice on learning of volleyball serve

Abstract The type of practice can influence what is learned from a motor skill. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the constant and random practice on the learning of Generalized Motor Program and parameters of the volleyball serve. The sample was composed of 20 children between 10 and 12 years old. The participants performed a pre-test whose score was adopted to counterbalance two groups (n=10), random practice and constant practice. During the acquisition phase, the random group performed 252 serves from three different positions, always indicated at the end of each serve, and the constant group performed all serves from only a specific position. The retention test showed that both groups learned the Generalized Motor Program, but random practice conducted to higher parameterization learning, resultant from the variable of practice. During practice of a sport motor skills, although the constant and random practice improve the learning of Generalized Motor Program, only the random practice improves learning of parameters of the motor skill.

摘要 练习类型会影响个体从运动技能中习得的内容。本研究旨在探讨固定练习与随机练习对通用运动程序（Generalized Motor Program）以及排球发球参数学习的影响。本研究的被试为20名10至12岁的儿童。所有参与者均完成前测，以其前测成绩作为分组平衡依据，将被试分为两组（每组n=10）：随机练习组与固定练习组。在习得阶段，随机练习组从三种不同发球位置完成252次发球，发球位置均在每次发球结束后随机指定；固定练习组则始终仅从单一特定位置完成全部发球动作。保持测试结果显示，两组均习得了通用运动程序，但随机练习借助练习变量的作用，带来了更高水平的参数化学习。在体育运动技能练习过程中，尽管固定练习与随机练习均能提升个体对通用运动程序的学习效果，但仅随机练习可改善运动技能参数的学习。