Data from: Electrically functionalized body surface for deep-tissue bioelectrical recording

Directly probing deep tissue activities from body surfaces offers a
non-invasive approach to monitoring essential physiological processes.
However, this method is technically challenged by rapid signal attenuation
toward the body surface and confounding motion artifacts, primarily due to
excessive contact impedance and mechanical mismatch with conventional
electrodes. Here, we produce low-impedance electrically functionalized
body surfaces (EFBS) by formulating and directly spray coating
biocompatible two-dimensional nanosheet ink onto the human body under
ambient conditions to create microscopically conformal and adaptive van
der Waals thin films (VDWTFs). Unlike traditional deposition methods,
which often struggle with conformality and adaptability while retaining
high electronic performance, these VDWTFs are stretchable and form
directly on the body surface under bio-friendly conditions, seamlessly
merging with non-Euclidean, hairy, and dynamically evolving body surfaces.
This results in robust monitoring of biopotential and bioimpedance
modulations associated with deep-tissue activities, such as blood
circulation, muscle movements, and brain activities. Compared to
commercial solutions, the VDWTF-EFBS exhibits nearly two orders of
magnitude lower contact impedance and substantially reduces the extrinsic
motion artifacts, enabling reliable extraction of bioelectrical signals
from irregular body surfaces, such as unshaved human scalps. This
technology advances capability for continuous, non-invasive monitoring of
deep-tissue activities during routine body movements.