Morphoagronomic characteristics display high genetic diversity in Murupi chili pepper landraces

ABSTRACT Murupi chili pepper is a hot Amazonian pepper that has been used as flavoring in the region, yet its diversity is unknown. This paper aims to assess the diversity in 20 landraces from Peruvian, Colombian, and Brazilian Amazon. The experiment was installed in Manaus-AM, using a randomized complete block design with three replicates and five plants per plot. Analyses of variance showed significant differences for all nine descriptors. Fruit yield showed, in average, to be 208.08 fruits per plant, tantamount to 381.44 g per plant. Given 50% of relative distances estimated by generalized Mahalanobis distances and, nearest neighbor clustering, they displayed six groups. Cluster I comprised 50% of the landraces. Clusters IV, V and VI were represented by ‘8’ (Putumayo, Colombia), ‘27’ (Yurimaguas, Peru) and ‘24’ (Jutaí-AM, Brazil), respectively. The highest yielding landrace showed to be ‘17’ (Manicoré-AM, Brazil), bearing 685.5 fruits and 1.92 kg per plant. Our findings suggest Murupi pepper may possibly be improved by selection and/or hybridization.

摘要：穆鲁皮辣椒（Murupi chili pepper）是一种原产亚马逊流域的辛辣辣椒，长期以来作为该地区的调味食材被广泛使用，但其遗传多样性至今尚未明确。本研究旨在评估来自秘鲁、哥伦比亚和巴西亚马逊地区的20个地方品种（landrace）的遗传多样性。试验设于巴西马瑙斯-亚马逊州（Manaus-AM），采用完全随机区组设计，设置3次重复，每个小区种植5株植株。方差分析结果显示，供试的9个性状指标均存在极显著差异。供试材料的平均单株果实产量为208.08个，折合单株鲜重381.44克。基于广义马氏距离（generalized Mahalanobis distances）和最近邻聚类法估算的50%相对距离结果表明，供试材料可划分为6个类群：类群I包含50%的地方品种；类群IV、V和VI分别仅包含材料‘8’（哥伦比亚普图马约）、‘27’（秘鲁尤里马瓜斯）和‘24’（巴西茹塔伊-亚马逊州）。产量最高的地方品种为‘17’（巴西马尼奥里-亚马逊州），单株可结685.5个果实，单株产量达1.92千克。本研究结果表明，可通过选择育种或杂交育种对穆鲁皮辣椒进行遗传改良。