Natural risk prevention plan “floods” — Regulatory area — Seine and Marne in the Val-de-Marne department

Risk Prevention Plans (RPPs) are the key government instrument for risk prevention. Their objective is to control development in areas at risk. The development of a risk prevention plan generates a set of spatial data organised into several data sets.
The same PPR may include spatial datasets containing:
• main PPR encompassing perimeters (study perimeter, prescription perimeter, regulated scope);
• restricted areas of the plan once approved. RPP regulations generally distinguish between ‘construction ban areas’, so-called ‘red areas’, where the hazard level is high and where the general rule is the construction ban; ‘areas subject to requirements’, known as ‘blue zones’ where the hazard level is medium and projects are subject to requirements adapted to the type of issue and areas not directly exposed to risks but subject to prohibitions or prescriptions;
• hazard areas represented on the map of hazards used for risk analysis by crossing with the stakes, specifying for each zone the level of hazards to which it is exposed;
• stakes (persons, property, activities, cultural or environmental heritage elements) threatened by a hazard and likely to be affected or damaged by it;
• origins of risk, i.e. the real-world entity which, through its presence, represents a potential risk. This entity may be characterised by a name, a reference to an external object or a geographical object that locates the actual entity causing the risk.

风险预防计划（Risk Prevention Plans, RPPs）是政府开展风险预防工作的核心工具，其目标为管控高危区域的开发活动。编制风险预防计划会生成一组空间数据，并将其按类别划分为多个数据集。
同一套风险预防计划（RPP）可涵盖如下空间数据集：
• 主风险预防计划所涵盖的各类边界：包括研究范围、法定管控边界、官方管控范围；
• 计划获批后的限制管控区域：风险预防计划的管控规则通常划分为两类——“禁止建设区”（即所谓“红色区域”），此类区域风险等级较高，通用规则为禁止建设；“需落实管控要求的区域”，又称“蓝色区域”，该类区域风险等级为中等，开发项目需根据具体问题类型适配相应管控要求；此外还包括未直接暴露于风险但仍需遵守禁令或管控要求的区域；
• 风险源区：标注于风险地图中，用于结合受险对象开展风险分析，需明确标注每个区域所面临的风险等级；
• 受险对象：即受风险威胁、可能因风险发生而受损或受影响的人员、财产、生产活动、文化或环境遗产要素；
• 风险源：即实际存在且会产生潜在风险的实体。该实体可通过名称、外部对象引用或定位风险实际成因的地理对象进行标识。