Patients' experiences of breathlessness - from an ambulance care perspective

Individual lifeworld interviews involving 14 participants (12 women and 2 men). Inclusion criteria: being at least 18 years old, not suffering from any form of memory impairment from the time of care, experiencing severe breathlessness prompting ambulance care, and speaking fluent Swedish. This phenomenological study is based on the Reflective Lifeworld Research (RLR) approach, as described by Dahlberg, Dahlberg, and Nyström (2008). The aim of the RLR approach is to describe meanings according to the phenomenon studied. A lifeworld interview is phenomenon-oriented, which means that the focus is on the meanings of lived experiences. In line with the RLR approach, the interviews were initiated by inviting the participants to talk about their experience of the phenomenon. The interviews started with the question: “The day when you or another person next to you contacted the ambulance, can you describe how it felt to experience breathlessness?” Thereafter, follow-up questions further explored the phenomenon, such as “What do you mean by … ”, “Can you describe it more?” and “How did you feel in that situation?. The interviews lasted between 15 and 50 minutes (median 30 min.). Reference: Dahlberg, K., Dahlberg, H., & Nyström, M. (2008). Reflective lifeworld research. (2 ed.). Lund: Studentlitterature.本数据集包含针对14名参与者（12名女性、2名男性）的个体生活世界访谈。纳入标准为：年满18周岁，护理期间无任何类型的记忆障碍，因重度呼吸困难需接受救护车救助，且能流利使用瑞典语。 本现象学研究基于达赫伯格（Dahlberg）、达赫伯格与尼斯特伦（Nyström）2008年提出的反思性生活世界研究（Reflective Lifeworld Research, RLR）范式。该范式的核心目标为基于所研究的现象阐释其意义内涵。生活世界访谈以现象为导向，核心聚焦于个体亲历体验的意义。遵循该反思性生活世界研究范式，访谈始于邀请参与者分享其对该现象的体验。访谈起始问题为：“当你或身边他人呼叫救护车的当日，你能否描述一下亲历呼吸困难的感受？”随后通过跟进问题进一步深挖该现象，例如“你所说的……具体指什么？”“能否请你详细阐述？”以及“在当时的情境下你有何感受？”。访谈时长介于15至50分钟，中位时长为30分钟。 参考文献：K·达赫伯格（Dahlberg）、H·达赫伯格（Dahlberg）、M·尼斯特伦（Nyström）.（2008）. 反思性生活世界研究（第2版）. 隆德：Studentlitterature.