Data from: Soil management shapes ecosystem service provision and trade-offs in agricultural landscapes

Agroecosystems are principally managed to maximize food provisioning even if they receive a large array of supporting and regulating ecosystem services (ESs). Hence, comprehensive studies investigating the effects of local management and landscape composition on the provision of and trade-offs between multiple ESs are urgently needed. We explored the effects of conservation tillage, nitrogen fertilization and landscape composition on six ESs (crop production, disease control, soil fertility, water quality regulation, weed and pest control) in winter cereals. Conservation tillage enhanced soil fertility and pest control, decreased water quality regulation and weed control, without affecting crop production and disease control. Fertilization only influenced crop production by increasing grain yield. Landscape intensification reduced the provision of disease and pest control. We also found tillage and landscape composition to interactively affect water quality regulation and weed control. Under N fertilization, conventional tillage resulted in more trade-offs between ESs than conservation tillage. Our results demonstrate that soil management and landscape composition affect the provision of several ESs and that soil management potentially shapes the trade-offs between them

农业生态系统（Agroecosystems）通常以最大化食物供给为核心管理目标，即便其可获得大量支持服务与调节服务类生态系统服务（ecosystem services, ESs）。因此，亟需开展全面研究以探讨本地管理措施与景观格局对多项生态系统服务的供给及其相互权衡关系的影响。本研究以冬谷类作物为研究对象，探讨了保护性耕作、氮肥施用与景观格局对六项生态系统服务的影响，包括作物生产、病害防控、土壤肥力、水质调控、杂草与病虫害防控。保护性耕作可提升土壤肥力与病虫害防控能力，却会降低水质调控与杂草防控效果，但对作物生产与病害防控无显著影响。氮肥施用仅通过提升籽粒产量对作物生产产生影响。景观集约化程度提升会削弱病害与病虫害防控服务的供给能力。本研究还发现，耕作方式与景观格局会对水质调控与杂草防控产生交互影响。在施用氮肥的条件下，传统耕作相较于保护性耕作，会引发更多生态系统服务间的权衡关系。本研究结果表明，土壤管理措施与景观格局会影响多项生态系统服务的供给，且土壤管理措施或可调控这些服务间的权衡关系。