Surface Elevation, Snow, Ice, and Depth Measurements along a transect at Teshekpuk Lake, Alaska on 10 May 2023

This dataset contains detailed measurements of snow depth, ice thickness, lake depth, freeboard, and surface elevation collected along a ~25-kilometer transect at Teshekpuk Lake, Alaska, on 10 May 2023. These observations were gathered as part of the Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) activities in support of NASA’s Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission, which aims to provide high-resolution observations of Earth’s surface water dynamics, and done in collaboration with the National Science Foundation (NSF)-funded PermaSense project and the Teshekpuk Lake Observatory. The transect spans a gradient from terrestrial tundra to bedfast to floating lake ice environments, capturing the spatial variability of late-winter snow and ice conditions across the largest Arctic lake in Alaska. Measurements collected along the transect include Global Positioning System (GPS)-based surface elevation (World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) ellipsoid height), transect distance relative to the lake shore, snow depth, ice thickness, lake depth, freeboard, ice type, snow density, and snow water equivalent, along with site-specific observational notes. These in situ measurements are critical for evaluating SWOT’s Ka-band Radar Interferometer (KaRIn) observations over ice-covered freshwater systems during the Arctic spring. The dataset offers valuable insights into snow and ice processes on Arctic lakes and serves as a key resource for improving remote sensing algorithms for ice-covered water bodies.

本数据集收录了2023年5月10日于阿拉斯加州特谢普克湖沿岸约25公里样带中采集的多项精细化观测数据，涵盖雪深、冰厚、湖水深度、冰干舷（freeboard）及地表高程。本次观测作为支持美国国家航空航天局（NASA）水面与海洋地形（SWOT）任务的校准与验证（Cal/Val）工作的一部分开展，该任务旨在获取地球地表水动力学的高分辨率观测数据；本数据集的采集同时得到了美国国家科学基金会（NSF）资助的永久传感（PermaSense）项目与特谢普克湖观测站的协作支持。该样带覆盖了从陆地苔原到底固冰再到浮冰的湖泊冰环境梯度，完整捕捉了阿拉斯加州最大北极湖泊的晚冬雪冰条件空间变异性。沿样带采集的观测数据包括：基于全球定位系统（GPS）的地表高程（采用世界大地测量系统1984（WGS84）椭球高程基准）、相对湖岸的样带距离、雪深、冰厚、湖水深度、冰干舷、冰类型、雪密度及雪水当量，同时附带各测点的现场观测记录。这些原位观测数据对于评估北极春季冰覆盖淡水系统中SWOT任务搭载的Ka波段雷达干涉仪（KaRIn）的观测结果至关重要。本数据集为理解北极湖泊的雪冰过程提供了宝贵见解，同时也是优化冰覆盖水体遥感算法的核心资源。