Mind Over Media Dataset

The research hypothesizes that a growth mindset positively influences well-being, while perceived peer pressure, fear of missing out, perceived cybervictimization, and social comparison orientation negatively affect well-being. A structural equation modeling approach tests these hypotheses using data from a survey of 612 undergraduate students aged 18–24, exploring relationships between social media use factors, growth mindset, and well-being. The final sample consisted of 612 respondents. These participants’ age range from 18 to 24 years old (Mage = 19.54, SDage = 1.24; 67.5% females, 27.8% males, 4.7% alternatives).

The data was collected through a questionnaire comprised of seven sections including 1) Personal Information (participants provided basic details such as gender, age, and year of study, social media spending time (respondents shared insights into their daily social media usage, including the average time spent on various platforms), 2) PERMA Well-being (this section assessed participants' overall well-being across five dimensions: Positive Emotions, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment), 3) Growth Mindset (participants evaluated their beliefs about challenges, obstacles, effort, criticism, and success of others), 4) Social Comparison Orientation (Respondents indicated their tendency to compare themselves to others regarding to abilities and opinions, 5) Perceived peer pressure (participants rated the extent to which they felt pressured by their peers to use social media for various activities), 6) Fear of missing out (respondents assessed their levels of missing out on three aspects of fear of missing out, on social events, news, and commercial), and 7) Perceived cybervictimization (participants reported how often participants experienced four types of cybervictimization: visual cybervictimization, verbal cybervictimization, social exclusion, and impersonation.

Notable findings shows a growth mindset strongly correlates with enhanced well-being, substantiating the hypothesis that personal belief that is malleable promotes better mental health. Social comparison orientation negatively impacts well-being, indicating that unfavorable comparisons on social platforms reduce mental health. However, social comparison’s negative impact on well-being is mitigated by a growth mindset, emphasizing cognitive buffers against social media induced ill-being. In addition, fear of missing out demonstrated a positive association with well-being. This contrasts with its traditionally negative portrayal, suggesting that under certain conditions, staying informed via social media fosters connection and satisfaction.

本研究提出如下研究假设：成长型思维（growth mindset）对个体幸福感具有正向影响，而感知同伴压力、错失恐惧（fear of missing out）、感知网络受害行为以及社会比较取向均会对幸福感产生负向影响。本研究采用结构方程模型（structural equation modeling），基于612名年龄介于18至24岁的本科生的调查数据，对上述假设进行检验，探讨社交媒体使用相关因素、成长型思维与幸福感之间的关联。最终有效样本包含612名受访者，参与者年龄范围为18至24岁（平均年龄Mage=19.54，标准差SDage=1.24；其中女性占比67.5%，男性占比27.8%，其他性别占比4.7%）。

本研究数据通过包含七个模块的调查问卷收集所得：1）个人信息模块：参与者需提供性别、年龄、就读年级等基础信息，以及社交媒体每日使用时长（受访者需说明其在各类平台上的平均每日使用时间）；2）PERMA幸福感（PERMA Well-being）模块：该量表从积极情绪、投入度、人际关系、意义感以及成就五个维度评估参与者的整体幸福感；3）成长型思维量表：参与者需对自身关于挑战、障碍、努力、批评以及他人成功的信念进行评价；4）社会比较取向量表：受访者需表明自身在能力与观点方面与他人进行比较的倾向；5）感知同伴压力量表：参与者需对其因同伴影响而被迫使用社交媒体参与各类活动的程度进行评分；6）错失恐惧量表：受访者需从社交活动、资讯以及商业活动三个方面评估自身的错失恐惧程度；7）感知网络受害行为量表：参与者需报告自身经历四类网络受害行为的频率：视觉型网络受害、言语型网络受害、社交排斥以及身份冒用。

本研究的重要发现显示：成长型思维与更高水平的幸福感显著相关，验证了“个人可塑信念可促进更好的心理健康”这一研究假设。社会比较取向会对幸福感产生负向影响，这表明社交平台上的不利社会比较会损害个体心理健康。然而，成长型思维可缓解社会比较对幸福感的负向影响，凸显了其作为抵御社交媒体诱导的心理不适的认知缓冲作用。此外，研究发现错失恐惧与幸福感呈正相关，这与其传统上被视为负面因素的形象形成反差，表明在特定条件下，通过社交媒体获取资讯可促进人际联结与满意度。