Turnover due to innovating products, by size class

The Community Innovation Survey (CIS) is a survey of innovation activity in enterprises. The harmonised survey is designed to provide information on the innovativeness of sectors by type of enterprises, on the different types of innovation and on various aspects of the development of an innovation, such as the objectives, the sources of information, the public funding or the expenditures. The CIS provides statistics broke down by countries, type of innovators, economic activities and size classes. The survey is currently carried out every two years across the European Union, some EFTA countries and EU candidate countries. In order to ensure comparability across countries, Eurostat, in close cooperation with the countries, has developed a standard core questionnaire starting with the CIS3 data collection, along with an accompanying set of definitions and methodological recommendations. The concepts and underlying methodology of the CIS are also based on the Oslo Manual — second edition of 1997 and third edition of 2005 (see link at the bottom of the page). Up to CIS 2010, CIS results were collected under Commission Regulation (EC) No 1450/2004. A new Regulation will apply from CIS 2012 (EC No 995/2012). The data presented in these tables refer to enterprises with ‘10 employees or more’ active in the sectors to be covered under the Regulation (cf. NACE CORE). Further activities may be covered on a voluntary basis. Most statistics are based on a reference period of three years, but some use one calendar year. Since CIS 2008, the survey has included an ad-hoc module. It consists of a set of questions focusing on a special theme. The themes are different in each survey wave, allowing data to be obtained on specific issues beyond the data usually collected. Overview over time: Initially, the CIS data collection was carried out every four years. The first collection (CIS Light) was launched in 1993 as a pilot exercise and the second (CIS2) was carried out in 1997/1998 for most countries except Greece and Ireland, where it was launched in 1999. The third survey (CIS3) was conducted in 2000/2001 for most participating countries with the exception of Norway, Iceland, Luxembourg and Greece, where it was launched in 2002. As from 2004, the survey has been carried out every two years. CIS4 was conducted in the 25 EU Member States (as for 2004), Iceland, Norway, Bulgaria and Romania. The survey was launched in 2005 with a three-year reference period 2002 to 2004 for most indicators. The fifth survey CIS 2006 was carried out in all 25 EU Member States (as for 2006), Norway, Bulgaria, Romania, Croatia and Turkey. It was launched in 2007, mostly for the reference period 2004 to 2006. As regards CIS 2008, 26 Member States (all except Greece), Iceland, Norway, Croatia and Turkey took part in the survey. CIS 2008 was launched in 2009 with a three-year reference period 2006 to 2008 for most indicators. Changes were made to the CIS 2008 questionnaire to bring it into line with the third revision of the Oslo Manual, 2005 edition, by giving greater weight to organisational and marketing innovation. CIS 2008 was complemented by an ad-hoc module on innovation with environmental benefits. The seventh Community Innovation Survey, CIS 2010, had 31 participating countries (all the EU 27 Member States (except Greece), Iceland, Norway, Croatia, Serbia and Turkey) and reported most results for the reference period 2008-2010. CIS 2010 also follows the recommendations of the Oslo Manual and reports indicators on four types of innovation: product, process, organisational and marketing. However, despite implementation of the recommendations of the third edition of the Oslo Manual, the question on innovation expenditures is still limited to product and process innovation in order to maintain continuity with earlier versions of the CIS. Furthermore, generally fewer questions are asked about organisational and marketing innovation than about product and process innovation. While the European innovation statistics use the aggregated national data, the microdata sets can be accessed by researchers via the SAFE Centre of Eurostat in Luxembourg or via the microdata on CD-ROM releases in more anonymised form; some countries also provide access to their micro-data at similar safe centres.社区创新调查（Community Innovation Survey，CIS）是一项针对企业创新活动的专项调研。该统一标准化调研旨在按企业类型、创新类别，以及创新发展的多维度内容（包括创新目标、信息来源、公共资助或经费支出等），提供各行业创新能力相关的统计信息。 CIS可提供按国家、创新主体类型、经济活动类别以及企业规模层级划分的统计数据。当前，该调研每两年在欧盟、部分欧洲自由贸易联盟（European Free Trade Association，EFTA）国家以及欧盟候选成员国中开展。 为确保各国调研数据的可比性，欧盟统计局（Eurostat）与各成员国紧密协作，自第三次社区创新调查（CIS3）的数据收集工作起，制定了标准核心问卷，并配套发布了一系列定义与方法论建议。CIS的相关概念与底层方法论同样基于《奥斯陆手册（Oslo Manual）》——1997年第二版与2005年第三版（详见页面底部链接）。 截至2010年版社区创新调查（CIS 2010），CIS的调研数据均依据欧盟委员会（European Commission，EC）第1450/2004号条例进行收集。自2012年版社区创新调查（CIS 2012）起，新的欧盟委员会第995/2012号条例将正式生效。 本表呈现的数据均针对受本条例管辖的行业中雇员人数10人及以上的活跃企业（详见《NACE核心分类（NACE CORE）》）。部分其他行业可自愿纳入调研范围。绝大多数统计数据以三年为参考周期，但部分统计仅采用单一日历年度作为参考周期。 自2008年版社区创新调查（CIS 2008）起，调研新增了特设模块。该模块包含一系列聚焦特定主题的问题，每一轮调研的主题各不相同，可用于收集常规调研范围之外的特定议题数据。 调研时序概览： 调研初期，CIS的数据收集工作每四年开展一轮。首轮调研（CIS Light）作为试点项目于1993年启动；第二轮调研（CIS2）于1997-1998年在多数成员国中开展，仅希腊与爱尔兰延后至1999年启动。第三轮调研（CIS3）于2000-2001年在大部分参与国落地，挪威、冰岛、卢森堡与希腊除外，该轮调研在上述四国于2002年启动。 自2004年起，调研改为每两年开展一次。 第四轮社区创新调查（CIS4）在2004年的25个欧盟成员国、冰岛、挪威、保加利亚与罗马尼亚中开展。该轮调研于2005年启动，多数指标的参考周期为2002-2004年。 第五轮调研即2006年版社区创新调查（CIS 2006），在2006年的全部25个欧盟成员国、挪威、保加利亚、罗马尼亚、克罗地亚与土耳其中开展。该轮调研于2007年启动，多数指标的参考周期为2004-2006年。 关于2008年版社区创新调查（CIS 2008），共有26个成员国（除希腊外的全部欧盟成员国）、冰岛、挪威、克罗地亚与土耳其参与了本次调研。该轮调研于2009年启动，多数指标的参考周期为2006-2008年。为契合2005年第三版《奥斯陆手册》的修订要求，CIS 2008的问卷进行了调整，大幅提升了组织创新与营销创新相关内容的权重。此外，CIS 2008还增设了关于具备环境效益的创新的特设模块。 第七轮社区创新调查即CIS 2010，共有31个参与国：除希腊外的全部27个欧盟成员国、冰岛、挪威、克罗地亚、塞尔维亚与土耳其。该轮调研多数指标的参考周期为2008-2010年。CIS 2010同样遵循《奥斯陆手册》的相关建议，披露了四类创新的相关指标：产品创新、流程创新、组织创新与营销创新。 不过，尽管已落实《奥斯陆手册》第三版的相关建议，关于创新经费支出的调研问题仍仅覆盖产品创新与流程创新，以保证与CIS早期版本的数据连续性。此外，相较于产品与流程创新，调研中关于组织创新与营销创新的问题数量普遍偏少。 欧洲创新统计数据采用汇总后的国家级数据，但研究人员可通过位于卢森堡的欧盟统计局安全数据中心（SAFE Centre），或以更高匿名化程度的光盘版微数据形式获取微观数据集；部分国家也会通过同类安全数据中心开放本国的微观数据。