TreeGOER Biotemperature Zone Distributions: Observations for 48,129 tree species across 6 Global Holdridge Biotemperature Zones based on Monthly Temperature Data for 1970-2000

TreeGOER (Tree Globally Observed Environmental Ranges) is a database that documents the environmental ranges (minimum, maximum, median, mean and 5%, 25%, 75% and 95% quantiles) for 48,129 tree species and for 51 environmental variables, including 38 bioclimatic variables, 8 soil variables and 3 topographic variables. TreeGOER is available from the following Zenodo archives: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7922927. The TreeGOER ranges were calculated after cleaning occurrence records and standardizing species names with the WorldFlora R package to World Flora Online or the World Checklist of Vascular Plants for a global GBIF occurrence download of 44,267,164 occurrences (GBIF.org 2021 GBIF Occurrence Download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.77gcvq). The process of compilation of TreeGOER with 30 arc-seconds global grid layers, two examples of BIOCLIM applications that investigated the effects of climate change on global tree diversity patterns and R scripts to repeat these analyses have been described by Kindt, R. (2023). TreeGOER: A database with globally observed environmental ranges for 48,129 tree species. Global Change Biology 29: 6303–6318. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.16914. This Zenodo archive documents the occurrence of the same previously compiled and cleaned observations for the TreeGOER across global raster layers that document the distribution of Biotemperature Zones. Calculations were done directly with average monthly temperatures available from WorldClim 2.1, or after calculating the mean of the monthly maximum and monthly minimum temperatures available from the same database (Fick & Hijmans 2017, using the historical climate of 1970-2000). The latter approach was used by Elsen et al (2022), where also their methods of clamping monthly data between 0.75 and 30 °C was applied. The following biotemperature zones were distinguished: Code Code 2 Zone Definition (BIOT = Biotemperature) 1 B1 Polar BIOT <= 1.5 °C 2 B2 Subpolar 1.5 °C < BIOT <= 3 °C 3 B3 Boreal 3 °C < BIOT <= 6 °C 4 B4 Cool temperate 6 °C < BIOT <= 12 °C 5 B5 Warm temperate / subtropical 12 °C < BIOT <= 24 °C 6 B6 Tropical BIOT > 24 For each of the 48,129 tree species, the distribution is given as: Average: the number of observations in the bioclimatic zones derived directly from the WorldClim 2.1 average monthly temperatures Middle: the number of observations in the bioclimatic zones derived via the WorldClim 2.1 maximum and minimum monthly temperatures Static: the number of observations that are in the same zone. The zone of B-1 shows the number of observations where the zone could not be detected. The zone of B0 shows the number of observations where there was disagreement in the zonation. These calculations were done via the terra package (Hijmans 2025, version 1.8-70) in the R 4.5.1 environment. The same package was used to create the maps included in this archive. Added country boundaries were obtained from Natural Earth as Admin 0 – countries vector layers (version 5.1.1). The change map was calculated by subtracting the "mid classes" layer from the "average classes" layer; to clearly see the differences in the map, zooming in is required. References Elsen, P. R., Saxon, E. C., Simmons, B. A., Ward, M., Williams, B. A., Grantham, H. S., Kark, S., Levin, N., Perez-Hammerle, K.-V., Reside, A. E., & Watson, J. E. M. (2022). Accelerated shifts in terrestrial life zones under rapid climate change. Global Change Biology, 28, 918–935. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15962 Fick, S. E., & Hijmans, R. J. (2017). WorldClim 2: New 1‐km spatial resolution climate surfaces for global land areas. International Journal of Climatology, 37(12), 4302–4315. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5086 Kindt, R. (2023). TreeGOER: A database with globally observed environmental ranges for 48,129 tree species. Global Change Biology, 00, 1–16. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.16914 . Kindt, R. (2024). TreeGOER: Tree Globally Observed Environmental Ranges (2024.07) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13132613 Hijmans, R. (2025). terra: Spatial Data Analysis. R package version 1.8-70, https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=terra . The development of this archive was supported by Norway’s International Climate and Forest Initiative through the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Ethiopia to the Provision of Adequate Tree Seed Portfolio project in Ethiopia, by the Green Climate Fund through the IUCN-led Transforming the Eastern Province of Rwanda through Adaptation project and through the Readiness proposal on Climate Appropriate Portfolios of Tree Diversity for Burkina Faso, by the Bezos Earth Fund to the Bezos Quality Tree Seed for Africa in Kenya and Rwanda project and by the German International Climate Initiative (IKI) to the regional tree seed programme on The Right Tree for the Right Place for the Right Purpose in Africa.