NOAA-GFDL GFDL-ESM4 model output prepared for CMIP6 CMIP esm-hist

Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) datasets: These data include all datasets published for 'CMIP6.CMIP.NOAA-GFDL.GFDL-ESM4.esm-hist' with the full Data Reference Syntax following the template 'mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version'.

The GFDL-ESM4 climate model, released in 2018, includes the following components:
aerosol: interactive, atmos: GFDL-AM4.1 (Cubed-sphere (c96) - 1 degree nominal horizontal resolution; 360 x 180 longitude/latitude; 49 levels; top level 1 Pa), atmosChem: GFDL-ATMCHEM4.1 (full atmospheric chemistry), land: GFDL-LM4.1, landIce: GFDL-LM4.1, ocean: GFDL-OM4p5 (GFDL-MOM6, tripolar - nominal 0.5 deg; 720 x 576 longitude/latitude; 75 levels; top grid cell 0-2 m), ocnBgchem: GFDL-COBALTv2, seaIce: GFDL-SIM4p5 (GFDL-SIS2.0, tripolar - nominal 0.5 deg; 720 x 576 longitude/latitude; 5 layers; 5 thickness categories).
The model was run by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA (NOAA-GFDL) in native nominal resolutions: aerosol: 100 km, atmos: 100 km, atmosChem: 100 km, land: 100 km, landIce: 100 km, ocean: 50 km, ocnBgchem: 50 km, seaIce: 50 km.

Project: These data have been generated as part of the internationally-coordinated Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6; see also GMD Special Issue: http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html). The simulation data provides a basis for climate research designed to answer fundamental science questions and serves as resource for authors of the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC-AR6).

CMIP6 is a project coordinated by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) as part of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Phase 6 builds on previous phases executed under the leadership of the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) and relies on the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) and the Centre for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) along with numerous related activities for implementation. The original data is hosted and partially replicated on a federated collection of data nodes, and most of the data relied on by the IPCC is being archived for long-term preservation at the IPCC Data Distribution Centre (IPCC DDC) hosted by the German Climate Computing Center (DKRZ).

The project includes simulations from about 120 global climate models and around 45 institutions and organizations worldwide. - Project website: https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6.

耦合模式比较计划第六阶段（Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6，CMIP6）数据集：本数据集涵盖所有遵循`mip_era.activity_id.institution_id.source_id.experiment_id.member_id.table_id.variable_id.grid_label.version`完整数据引用语法模板发布的`CMIP6.CMIP.NOAA-GFDL.GFDL-ESM4.esm-hist`相关数据集。

GFDL-ESM4气候模式于2018年正式发布，其组成模块如下：气溶胶模块采用交互式处理方案；大气模块为GFDL-AM4.1（采用立方球面网格（c96），名义水平分辨率为1度，经纬度覆盖范围为360×180，共设置49层垂直结构，顶层气压为1帕）；大气化学模块为GFDL-ATMCHEM4.1（集成完整大气化学过程）；陆面模块为GFDL-LM4.1；陆冰模块为GFDL-LM4.1；海洋模块为GFDL-OM4p5（基于GFDL-MOM6开发，采用三极网格，名义分辨率0.5度，经纬度覆盖范围为720×576，共75层垂直结构，顶层网格单元水深范围为0~2米）；海洋生物地球化学模块为GFDL-COBALTv2；海冰模块为GFDL-SIM4p5（基于GFDL-SIS2.0开发，采用三极网格，名义分辨率0.5度，经纬度覆盖范围为720×576，共5层垂直结构，划分为5个厚度分类）。

该模式由美国新泽西州普林斯顿市国家海洋和大气管理局地球物理流体动力学实验室（NOAA-GFDL）以原生名义分辨率完成模拟运行，各模块分辨率分别为：气溶胶模块100公里，大气模块100公里，大气化学模块100公里，陆面模块100公里，陆冰模块100公里，海洋模块50公里，海洋生物地球化学模块50公里，海冰模块50公里。

本数据集作为国际协同推进的耦合模式比较计划第六阶段（CMIP6；详见《Geoscientific Model Development》专刊：http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/special_issue590.html）的产出成果生成。这套模拟数据为解答核心科学问题的气候研究提供了关键支撑，同时也为政府间气候变化专门委员会第六次评估报告（Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Sixth Assessment Report，IPCC-AR6）的撰写团队提供了重要数据资源。

CMIP6由耦合模式工作组（Working Group on Coupled Modelling，WGCM）作为世界气候研究计划（World Climate Research Programme，WCRP）的组成部分协调实施。第六阶段继承了此前由气候模式诊断与比较计划（Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison，PCMDI）主导完成的多阶段研究工作，并依托地球系统网格联盟（Earth System Grid Federation，ESGF）、环境数据分析中心（Centre for Environmental Data Analysis，CEDA）及众多相关协作活动完成项目落地。原始数据托管并部分复制于分布式数据节点联盟，IPCC所依赖的绝大多数数据将由德国气候计算中心（Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum，DKRZ）运营的IPCC数据分发中心（IPCC Data Distribution Centre，IPCC DDC）进行长期归档保存。

该项目汇聚了全球约120个全球气候模式与约45家科研机构及组织的模拟成果。——项目官网：https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6。