Supplementary Material for: Durable response to maintenance treatment comprised of viagenpumatucel-L, nivolumab, ramucirumab, and docetaxel in a PD-L1-low advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer: A case report

Checkpoint inhibitors are now standard of care for late-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, only a minority of patients treated with a checkpoint inhibitor show clinical benefit compared to platinum-based chemotherapy alone, regardless of PD-L1 expression levels. We describe a case of durable tumor response and disease stabilization in a patient with advanced pretreated squamous NSCLC given a maintenance treatment comprised of nivolumab, docetaxel, and ramucirumab combined with the allogeneic cellular cancer vaccine viagenpumatucel-L over a period of 28 months. Our case suggests that cancer vaccine strategies may sensitize tumors to checkpoint inhibition, even in patients refractory to available treatment, and lead to improved efficacy.

免疫检查点抑制剂（checkpoint inhibitors）目前已成为晚期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer，简称NSCLC）的标准治疗方案；然而，无论PD-L1表达水平如何，相较于单纯铂类化疗，仅少数接受免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的患者可获得临床获益。本研究报道1例经治晚期鳞状非小细胞肺癌患者，其在接受由纳武利尤单抗（nivolumab）、多西他赛（docetaxel）、雷莫芦单抗（ramucirumab）联合异体细胞性癌症疫苗viagenpumatucel-L组成的维持治疗后，实现了长达28个月的持久肿瘤应答与疾病稳定。本病例提示，癌症疫苗策略可使肿瘤对免疫检查点抑制治疗增敏，即使在对现有治疗耐药的患者中也能发挥作用，从而提升治疗疗效。