Ancestral state reconstruction for regeneration and autotomy in arthopods and reptiles

Some form of regeneration occurs in all lifeforms and extends from single-cell organisms to humans. The degree to which regenerative ability is distributed across different taxa, however, is harder to ascertain given the potential for phylogenetic constraint or inertia, and adaptive processes to shape this pattern. Here, we examine the phylogenetic history of regeneration in two groups where the trait has been well-studied: arthropods and reptiles. Because autotomy is often present alongside regeneration in these groups, we performed ancestral state reconstructions for both traits to more precisely assess the timing of their origins and the degree to which these traits coevolve. Using an ancestral trait reconstruction, we find that autotomy and regeneration were present at the base of the arthropod and reptile trees. We also find that when autotomy is lost it does not re-evolve easily. Lastly, we find that the distribution of regeneration is intimately connected to autotomy with the ass..., Please see manuscript.
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所有生命形式均存在某种形式的再生现象，其分布范围从单细胞生物延伸至人类。然而，受系统发育约束、系统发育惰性以及塑造该分布模式的适应性过程的潜在影响，再生能力在不同分类群中的分布程度较难确定。本研究针对再生能力已得到充分研究的两个类群——节肢动物（arthropods）与爬行动物（reptiles），探究其再生的系统发育历史。鉴于这两个类群中常伴随自割（autotomy）与再生能力共存的现象，我们对这两种性状开展了祖先状态重建，以更精准地评估其起源时间以及二者协同演化的程度。通过祖先性状重建分析，我们发现自割与再生能力在节肢动物和爬行动物的类群基部即已存在。此外我们还发现，一旦丢失自割性状，其很难再次演化出现。最后，我们发现再生能力的分布与自割密切相关，详细内容请参见手稿。