HISA-1: Mapping 1-m High-Resolution Impervious Surface Area over 36 Cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

As rapid urbanization progresses in the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), the expansion of artificial impervious surfaces (ISA) poses significant challenges to both ecological sustainability and economic development. To address these challenges, we present HISA-1, an innovative high-resolution ISA mapping product with a 1-meter resolution, designed to overcome the limitations of existing global ISA products (e.g., ESA-10m), which often suffer from coarse spatial resolution in fragmented landscapes and complex terrains.HISA-1 integrates Sentinel-2 10m imagery with a cutting-edge Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based super-resolution segmentation framework, achieving a tenfold spatial enhancement that enables precise mapping of fine-grained urban structures and dispersed rural ISA features. Validation across 36 municipal-level regions along the Yangtze River reveals that HISA-1 reduces ISA overestimation by 0.04% to 36.15% in densely urbanized areas (e.g., Shanghai, Suzhou) compared to ESA-10m, while detecting 5.00% to 81.74% more ISA in mountainous regions (e.g., Garzê, Liangshan), demonstrating its superior ability to capture small-scale artificial impervious surfaces.<br>The HISA-1 product achieves an overall accuracy of 94.42%, with F1 scores of 96.64% for non-ISA areas and 83.61% for ISA areas, outperforming existing mid-resolution products in both geometric precision and semantic consistency. This advancement not only enhances monitoring of urbanization’s ecological impacts, such as changes in hydrological cycles and biodiversity loss, but also provides a scalable, cost-effective solution for high-resolution ISA mapping.