Moderate or heaving spotting reduced multiple-hornet attacks and nest breach behaviors by Vespa soror workers.

Data were obtained from videos of hive visits by V. soror workers that were recorded in the same apiary over a three-day period (the source of data for Fig 6). For landing, chewing, or killing, data were collected from videos for individual hornets to determine the percentage of all hornets that performed these attack behaviors while visiting colonies that were lightly (n = 81 hornets), moderately (n = 141 hornets), or heavily spotted (n = 54 hornets). For incidence of multiple-hornet attacks, the percentage of videos that recorded attacks on lightly (n = 61 videos), moderately (134 = videos), or heavily spotted (n = 47 videos) colonies that included more than one hornet was determined (here, each video was a replicate). Because a single video could yield data for several hornets if it recorded a multiple-hornet attack, the total number of attack videos was lower than the total number of hornet visits. Asterisks indicate behaviors that are required to breach hive entrances and occupy nests.