Taphonomic megabiases constrain phylogenetic information in the squamate fossil record

Fossil data is subject to inherent biological, geological, and anthropogenic filters that can distort our interpretations of ancient life and environments. The inevitable presence of incomplete fossils thus requires a holistic assessment of how to navigate the downstream effects of bias on our ability to accurately reconstruct aspects of biology in deep time. In particular, we must assess how biases affect our capacity to infer evolutionary relationships, which are essential to analyses of diversification, paleobiogeography, and biostratigraphy in Earth history. In this study, we use an established completeness metric to quantify the effects of taphonomic filters on the amount of phylogenetic information available in the fossil record of 795 extinct squamate (e.g., lizards, snakes, amphisbaenians, and mosasaurs) species spanning 242 million years of geologic time. This study found no meaningful relationship between spatiotemporal sampling intensity and fossil record completeness. Instea..., , # Taphonomic megabiases constrain phylogenetic information in the squamate fossil record

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.hhmgqnktp](10.5061/dryad.hhmgqnktp)

## Description of the data and file structure

Datasets, statistical analyses, and R Code used in this study

* File **Supplemental Information**: PDF file containing supplementary methods, discussion, figures, and tables used for this study.
* Files that begin with the title \"**Data_S1...\"**  include detailed occurrence data for all squamate taxa examined in this study, including links to online versions of references where applicable, as well as datasets used for assessing the Character Completeness Metric (CCM2), and the corresponding scores for each squamate species.
* The first sheet is entitled \"**Data_S1a_Squamate_Fossil_record.csv**\". It contains all occurrence data for the 795 squamate species sampled in this study. The sheet contains 27 columns that include taxonomic information (Column A-D); Specimen information (E-G), Ag...,

化石数据天然受到生物学、地质学与人为因素的筛选作用影响，这些筛选过程可能扭曲我们对古生物与古环境的解读。鉴于化石不可避免地存在不完整性，因此需要开展整体性评估，以厘清偏见的下游效应如何影响我们精准重建地史时期生物特征的能力。具体而言，我们必须评估偏见如何制约我们推断演化关系的能力——而演化关系是地球历史中物种分化、古生物地理学以及生物地层学分析的核心基础。本研究采用已成熟的完整性指标，量化了埋藏学筛选作用对覆盖2.42亿年地质历史的795个已灭绝有鳞目（squamate，如蜥蜴、蛇类、蚓蜥以及沧龙）物种化石记录中系统发育信息总量的影响。本研究未发现时空采样强度与化石记录完整性之间存在显著关联。# 埋藏学巨偏倚制约有鳞目化石记录中的系统发育信息

数据集DOI：[10.5061/dryad.hhmgqnktp](10.5061/dryad.hhmgqnktp)

## 数据与文件结构说明
本研究使用的数据集、统计分析脚本与R代码：
* **补充材料文件**：包含本研究所用补充方法、讨论内容、图表与表格的PDF文档。
* 以"Data_S1..."开头的文件：包含本研究涉及的所有有鳞目类群的详细产出数据，若适用则附带参考文献的在线版本链接，同时包含用于评估特征完整性指标（Character Completeness Metric, CCM2）的数据集，以及各有鳞目物种对应的特征完整性得分。
* 首个工作表命名为"Data_S1a_Squamate_Fossil_record.csv"，包含本研究采样的795个有鳞目物种的全部产出数据。该工作表共包含27列，涵盖分类学信息（A-D列）、标本信息（E-G列）及……