CAUSES AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES OF SOIL SALINIZATION IN UZBEKISTAN: A SCIENTIFIC OVERVIEW

Soil salinization represents one of the most critical environmental and agricultural challenges in arid and semi-arid regions, particularly in Central Asia. Uzbekistan, characterized by extensive irrigated agriculture and limited freshwater resources, has experienced significant soil degradation due to salinity. This article provides a high-level scientific analysis of the primary causes of soil salinization in Uzbekistan, including natural and anthropogenic factors, and evaluates modern and traditional mitigation strategies. Emphasis is placed on sustainable land and water management practices, technological innovations, and policy interventions aimed at reducing salinity levels and restoring soil productivity. The integration of interdisciplinary approaches is essential to address this complex issue effectively.