IPUMS Full Count Datasets of the 1850, 1860, 1870, and 1880 Censuses of Mortality

In 1850, 1860, 1870, and 1880, the U. S. Census Office conducted a census of mortality in conjunction with the population censuses. Households enumerated on the free population census (1850-1880) and slaveholdings enumerated on the enslaved population census (1850-1860) were to report information pertaining to individuals who died in the year prior to the census. Information collected included each decedent's name, age, marital status, month of death, and cause of death. These IPUMS datasets are based on manuscript returns retained by state and local archives. Not all records survive. Coverage varies by census year, state, and locality, with the greatest coverage in the 1860 dataset (98.2% of the enumerated decedents) and lowest coverage in the 1870 dataset (85.3% of the enumerated decedents). The combined four datasets provide information on 1,829,279 decedents. Where they could be determined using automated linking algorithms, the 1870 and 1880 datasets include the IPUMS historical identifier of the household head of the decedent's household of origin.

1850年、1860年、1870年及1880年，美国人口普查局（U.S. Census Office）结合人口普查开展了死亡率普查。1850年至1880年自由人口普查中登记的家庭，以及1850年至1860年被奴役人口普查中登记的奴隶持有单元，需上报普查前一年去世个体的相关信息。收集的信息涵盖每名逝者的姓名、年龄、婚姻状况、死亡月份与死因。本系列IPUMS数据集（IPUMS dataset）基于州及地方档案馆留存的原始手稿报表。并非所有记录均得以留存，数据覆盖率因普查年份、州及地域而异：1860年数据集覆盖率最高，覆盖98.2%的已登记逝者；1870年数据集覆盖率最低，仅覆盖85.3%的已登记逝者。四个数据集合并后，可提供总计1,829,279名逝者的相关信息。若可通过自动化链接算法确定关联信息，1870年与1880年数据集将包含逝者原生家庭户主的IPUMS历史标识符。