Abbasi-Ravasjani et al_Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology

Lack of bioactivity of three-dimensional (3D)-printed poly-є-caprolactone (PCL) scaffolds limits cell-material interactions in bone tissue engineering. This limitation can be overcome using surface-functionalization by glycosaminoglycan-like anionic polysaccharides, e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), a plant-based carboxymethylated, unsulfated polysaccharide, and κ-carrageenan, a seaweed-derived sulfated, non-carboxymethylated polysaccharide. Sulfation of CMC and carboxymethylation of κ-carrageenan critically improve their bioactivity. This study showed for the first-time that surface-functionalization by SCMC is superior to CM-к-Car in increasing hydrophilicity and surface charge, as well as pre-osteoblast proliferation, and collagen production. However, CM-к-Car has an important advantage over SCMC in enhancing surface roughness, as well as promoting osteogenic differentiation of pre-osteoblasts. To the best of our knowledge, surface-functionalization by SCMC or CM-к-Car is a novel feasible strategy to enhance osteoblast proliferation and differentiation on biomaterials, which might improve bone regeneration and seamless biomaterial integration into the bone.三维（3D）打印聚ε-己内酯（poly-ε-caprolactone, PCL）支架的生物活性不足，限制了骨组织工程领域内细胞与材料间的相互作用。该局限可通过采用糖胺聚糖类阴离子多糖进行表面功能化加以解决，例如植物源羧甲基化非硫酸化多糖羧甲基纤维素（carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC），以及海藻源硫酸化非羧甲基化多糖κ-卡拉胶（κ-carrageenan）。对CMC实施硫酸化修饰、对κ-卡拉胶实施羧甲基化修饰，可显著改善其生物活性。本研究首次证明，采用磺化羧甲基纤维素（sulfated carboxymethyl cellulose, SCMC）进行表面功能化，在提升材料亲水性、表面电荷水平，以及促进前成骨细胞增殖与胶原合成方面，均优于羧甲基化κ-卡拉胶（CM-к-Car）。不过，CM-к-Car在提升材料表面粗糙度，以及促进前成骨细胞成骨分化方面，相较SCMC具备显著优势。据我们所知，采用SCMC或CM-к-Car进行表面功能化，是一种全新的可行策略，可增强生物材料表面成骨细胞的增殖与分化能力，有望改善骨再生效果并实现生物材料与骨组织的无缝整合。