Qilian Mountains integrated observatory network: Cold and Arid Research Network of Lanzhou university (an observation system of meteorological elements gradient of Sidalong Station, 2018)

This dataset includes data recorded by the Cold and Arid Research Network of Lanzhou university obtained from an observation system of Meteorological elements gradient of Sidalong Station from October 24 to December 31, 2018. The site (38.430⁰E, 99.931⁰N) was located on a forest in the Kangle Sunan, which is near Zhangye city, Gansu Province. The elevation is 3059 m. The installation heights and orientations of different sensors and measured quantities were as follows: air temperature and humidity profile (0.5, 3, 13, 24, and 48 m), wind speed and direction profile (windsonic; 0.5, 3, 13, 24, and 48 m), air pressure (1.5 m), rain gauge (24 m), infrared temperature sensors (4 m and 24m, vertically downward), photosynthetically active radiation (4 m and 24m), soil heat flux (-0.05 m and -0.1m), soil temperature/ moisture/ electrical conductivity profile -0.05, -0.1m, -0.2m, -0.4m and -0.6mr), four-component radiometer (24 m, towards south), sunshine duration sensor(24 m, towards south).
The observations included the following: air temperature and humidity (Ta_0.5 m, Ta_3 m, Ta_13 m, Ta_24 m, and Ta_48 m; RH_0.5 m, RH_3 m, RH_13 m, RH_24 m, and RH_48 m) (℃ and %, respectively), wind speed (Ws_0.5 m, Ws_3 m, Ws_13 m, Ws_24 m, and Ws_48 m) (m/s), wind direction (WD_0.5 m, WD_3 m, WD_13 m, WD_24 m, and WD_48 m) (⁰), air pressure (press) (hpa), precipitation (rain) (mm), four-component radiation (DR, incoming shortwave radiation; UR, outgoing shortwave radiation; DLR_Cor, incoming longwave radiation; ULR_Cor, outgoing longwave radiation; Rn, net radiation) (W/m^2), infrared temperature (IRT_A, IRT_B) (℃), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR_A, PAR_B) (μmol/ (s m^2)), soil heat flux (Gs_0.05m, Gs_0.1m) (W/m^2), soil temperature (Ts_5 cm, Ts_10 cm, Ts_20 cm, Ts_40 cm, and Ts_60 cm) (℃), soil moisture (Ms_5 cm, Ms_10 cm, Ms_20 cm, Ms_40 cm, and Ms_60 cm) (%, volumetric water content), soil water potential (SWP_5cm, SWP_10cm, SWP_20cm, SWP_40cm, and SWP_60cm)(kpa), soil conductivity (Ec_5cm, Ec_10cm, Ec_20cm, Ec_40cm, and Ec_60cm)(μs/cm), sun time (h).
The data processing and quality control steps were as follows: (1) The AWS data were averaged over intervals of 10 min for a total of 144 records per day. The soil water potential in the area is so low that it has exceeded the sensor measurements. (2) Data in duplicate records were rejected. (3) Unphysical data were rejected. (4) The data marked in red are problematic data. (5) The format of the date and time was unified, and the date and time were collected in the same column, for example, date and time: 2018-6-10 10:30.

本数据集涵盖兰州大学寒旱研究网络（Cold and Arid Research Network）于2018年10月24日至12月31日期间，通过寺大隆站（Sidalong Station）气象要素梯度观测系统获取的观测数据。该站点（东经38.430°，北纬99.931°）地处甘肃省张掖市附近的康乐肃南林区，海拔高度为3059米。各类传感器的安装高度、朝向及观测要素如下：
气温湿度廓线仪：安装高度为0.5 m、3 m、13 m、24 m、48 m；
超声风速风向仪（windsonic）：安装高度为0.5 m、3 m、13 m、24 m、48 m；
气压传感器：安装高度1.5 m；
雨量筒：安装高度24 m；
红外温度传感器：安装高度4 m、24 m，安装朝向垂直向下；
光合有效辐射传感器：安装高度4 m、24 m；
土壤热通量板：安装深度为-0.05 m、-0.1 m（即地表下0.05 m、0.1 m处）；
土壤温度、土壤湿度及土壤电导率廓线仪：安装深度为-0.05 m、-0.1 m、-0.2 m、-0.4 m、-0.6 m；
四分量辐射仪：安装高度24 m，朝向正南；
日照时数传感器：安装高度24 m，朝向正南。

观测要素具体包括：
- 气温与相对湿度：分别为Ta_0.5m、Ta_3m、Ta_13m、Ta_24m、Ta_48m（单位：摄氏度，℃），以及RH_0.5m、RH_3m、RH_13m、RH_24m、RH_48m（单位：%）；
- 风速：Ws_0.5m、Ws_3m、Ws_13m、Ws_24m、Ws_48m（单位：米每秒，m/s）；
- 风向：WD_0.5m、WD_3m、WD_13m、WD_24m、WD_48m（单位：度，°）；
- 气压（press）：单位为百帕（hPa）；
- 降水量（rain）：单位为毫米（mm）；
- 四分量辐射：包含入射短波辐射（DR）、出射短波辐射（UR）、入射长波辐射（DLR_Cor）、出射长波辐射（ULR_Cor）及净辐射（Rn），单位为瓦每平方米（W/m²）；
- 红外温度（IRT_A、IRT_B）：单位为摄氏度（℃）；
- 光合有效辐射（PAR_A、PAR_B）：单位为微摩尔每秒每平方米（μmol/(s·m²)）；
- 土壤热通量（Gs_0.05m、Gs_0.1m）：单位为瓦每平方米（W/m²）；
- 土壤温度：Ts_5cm（5 cm深度）、Ts_10cm（10 cm深度）、Ts_20cm（20 cm深度）、Ts_40cm（40 cm深度）、Ts_60cm（60 cm深度），单位为摄氏度（℃）；
- 土壤湿度（Ms_5cm、Ms_10cm、Ms_20cm、Ms_40cm、Ms_60cm）：单位为体积含水率百分比（%）；
- 土壤水势（SWP_5cm、SWP_10cm、SWP_20cm、SWP_40cm、SWP_60cm）：单位为千帕（kPa）；
- 土壤电导率（Ec_5cm、Ec_10cm、Ec_20cm、Ec_40cm、Ec_60cm）：单位为微西门子每厘米（μS/cm）；
- 日照时长：单位为小时（h）。

数据处理与质量控制流程如下：
1. 自动气象站（AWS）数据以10分钟为间隔进行平均，单日共计生成144条记录。该区域土壤水势普遍偏低，已超出传感器测量量程；
2. 剔除重复记录数据；
3. 剔除非物理合理的异常数据；
4. 标记为红色的数据为问题数据；
5. 统一日期与时间格式，将日期与时间整合至同一列，示例格式为：2018-6-10 10:30。